Validation of the fractional exhaled breath temperature measurement: reference values.

Exhaled breath temperature (EBT) is a known biomarker of inflammation and airways blood flow. As opposed to previous studies, we were able to measure temperature of separate fractions of exhaled breath (fEBT) (those from the peripheral and central airways). The aim was to validate the fEBT measurement method to determine the reference values and the influence of endogenous and exogenous factors on fEBT in healthy subjects.

Adolescent and young adult allergic asthma treatment challenges.

The transition from paediatric care to adult care is often difficult, especially in children with chronic diseases like asthma. A significant number of children reach remission throughout puberty; consequently, they are not tracked down for subsequent follow-ups and are not included in transition programmes to adult care. This case report focuses on a young adult with asthma that began in childhood and went into remission during adolescence, only to experience a recurrence when the patient was a young adult.

Adjuvant therapy improves survival in pT4aN0 oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma with bone invasion.

Objective: The prognostic significance of bone invasion in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) after accounting for tumor size, nodal spread, and surgical margins is controversial. The aim of this study is to determine whether patients with pT4aN0 oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma with bone invasion have improved overall and disease-free survival with adjuvant treatment.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of medical records from 64 patients with stage pT4aN0 due to mandibular involvement who underwent surgery from 2000 to 2020.

Unexpected cause of dyspnoea in a patient with allergic rhinitis.

A defect in one part of the immune system may affect the whole system. As a result, there may be a myriad of immunological diseases, which are often masked with the one disease that has the most prominent symptoms. This case report presents a patient with long-lasting allergic rhinitis who recently developed dyspnoea in exertion with suspected asthma development.

Risk factors for nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) in Croatia.

Background: The incidence, geographical distribution and clinical relevance of different nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in Croatia are well described. There are few data on the risk factors for developing NTM pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) in this setting.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study on all Croatian residents with NTM isolated from respiratory samples in the period from 2006 to 2015 with follow-up to 2018.

Tracking Home Language Production and Environment in Children Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing.

Objective: To use an automated speech-processing technology to identify patterns in sound environments and language output for deaf or hard-of-hearing infants and toddlers.

Study Design: Observational study based on a convenience sample.

Setting: Home observation conducted by tertiary children's hospital.

Validation of a Hearing-Related Quality-of-Life Questionnaire for Parents and Deaf or Hard-of-Hearing Infants and Toddlers.

Objective: To design and validate a hearing-related quality-of-life questionnaire targeted toward parents and deaf or hard-of-hearing infants and toddlers: the Hearing-Related Infant/Toddler and Parent Quality of Life (HIP-QL) questionnaire.

Study Design: Cross-sectional questionnaire and prospective instrument validation.

Setting: Academic pediatric otolaryngology clinic.

Investigational multitargeted kinase inhibitors in development for head and neck neoplasms.

Introduction: Despite advances in treatment, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) survival rates remain stagnant. Current treatment is associated with significant toxicities and includes chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, and few targeted treatments. Targeted treatments, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted agent, cetuximab, and immune checkpoint inhibitors, pembrolizumab and nivolumab, show improved toxicity profiles and modestly improved survival in select patients.