A long-term survey of spp. bloodstream infections revealed an increase of antimicrobial resistance involving adult population.

spp. is a well-recognized pathogen in neonates; however, limited data are available in adults. We studied microbiological and clinical characteristics of spp.

Impact of Automated Blood Culture Systems on the Management of Bloodstream Infections: Results from a Crossover Diagnostic Clinical Trial.

Bloodstream infections are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Blood culture remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of BSIs. We report a prospective crossover diagnostic clinical trial comparing the performances of two blood culture incubation systems: Virtuo and Bactec FX.

Real Life Clinical Impact of Antimicrobial Stewardship Actions on the Blood Culture Workflow from a Microbiology Laboratory.

Background: Accelerating the diagnosis of bacteremia is one of the biggest challenges in clinical microbiology departments. The fast establishment of a correct treatment is determinant on bacteremic patients' outcomes. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of antimicrobial therapy and clinical outcomes of a rapid blood culture workflow protocol in positive blood cultures with Gram-negative bacilli (GNB).

Propensity-Score Analysis Reveals that Sex is Not a Prognostic Factor for Mortality in Intensive Care Unit-Admitted Patients with Septic Bacteremia.

Objective: Men have been considered to have a higher incidence of infectious diseases, with controversy over the possibility that sex could influence the prognosis of the infection. This study aimed to explore this assumption in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with septic bacteremia.

Methods: A retrospective analysis (2006-2017) of septic patients with microbiologically confirmed bacteremia (n=440) was performed.

Molecular characterization of multidrug resistant Enterobacterales strains isolated from liver and kidney transplant recipients in Spain.

The objective of this study was to analyse the mechanisms of resistance to carbapenems and other extended-spectrum-β-lactams and to determine the genetic relatedness of multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales (MDR-E) causing colonization or infection in solid-organ transplantation (SOT) recipients. Prospective cohort study in kidney (n = 142), liver (n = 98) or kidney/pancreas (n = 7) transplant recipients between 2014 and 2018 in seven Spanish hospitals. We included 531 MDR-E isolates from rectal swabs obtained before transplantation and weekly for 4-6 weeks after the procedure and 10 MDR-E from clinical samples related to an infection.

Epidemiology of the colonization and acquisition of methicillin-resistant staphylococci and vancomycin-resistant enterococci in dogs hospitalized in a clinic veterinary hospital in Spain.

Antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest threats to human and animal health. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. (MRS) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp.

Biology of Hand-to-Hand Bacterial Transmission.

Numerous studies have demonstrated that adequate hand hygiene among hospital staff is the best measure to prevent hand-to-hand bacterial transmission. The skin microbiome is conditioned by the individual physiological characteristics and anatomical microenvironments. Furthermore, it is important to separate the autochthonous resident microbiota from the transitory microbiota that we can acquire after interactions with contaminated surfaces.

Optimal Piperacillin-Tazobactam Dosing Strategies against Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing .

Piperacillin-tazobactam has been proposed as an alternative to carbapenems for the treatment of infections caused by extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing However, limited understanding of optimal dosing strategies for this combination may curtail its utility. In this study, we correlated various exposures of piperacillin-tazobactam to efficacy, using a modified pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic index. Using a clinical isolate expressing CTX-M-15, piperacillin MIC values were determined with increasing tazobactam concentrations and fitted to a sigmoid inhibitory maximum effect () model.

Prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing bloodstream isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae in a tertiary care hospital.

To improve prescribing of empiric therapy, the local molecular epidemiology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPCs) in bloodstream isolates of K. pneumoniae were evaluated. Isolates resistant to third generation cephalosporins were screened phenotypically for ESBLs and carbapenemases, and subsequently confirmed by PCR for the presence of ESBL (bla, bla and bla) and carbapenemase (bla, bla, bla and bla) genes.

Determining β-lactam exposure threshold to suppress resistance development in Gram-negative bacteria.

Objectives: β-Lactams are commonly used for nosocomial infections and resistance to these agents among Gram-negative bacteria is increasing rapidly. Optimized dosing is expected to reduce the likelihood of resistance development during antimicrobial therapy, but the target for clinical dose adjustment is not well established. We examined the likelihood that various dosing exposures would suppress resistance development in an in vitro hollow-fibre infection model.

New Insights into the Enterococcus faecium and Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus Host Interaction Mechanisms.

Enterococcus faecium and Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus (S. gallolyticus) were classically clustered into the Lancefield Group D streptococci and despite their taxonomic reclassification still share a similar genetic content and environment.

Individual variability in finger-to-finger transmission efficiency of Enterococcus faecium clones.

A fingertip-to-fingertip intraindividual transmission experiment was carried out in 30 healthy volunteers, using four MLST-typed Enterococcus faecium clones. Overall results showed an adequate fit goodness to a theoretical exponential model, whereas four volunteers (13%) exhibited a significantly higher finger-to-finger bacterial transmission efficiency. This observation might have deep consequences in nosocomial epidemiology.

Emergence and long-lasting persistence of linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecium-ST117 in an oncohematologic patient after a nine-day course of linezolid.

We report the emergence and long-lasting persistence of linezolid resistance in an ampicillin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strain in the intestine of a neutropenic oncohematologic patient receiving chemotherapy. The patient was first colonized by an epidemic ampicillin-resistant E. faecium (ARE)-ST117 clustering into lineage 78.

Mechanisms of linezolid resistance among Staphylococci in a tertiary hospital.

The mechanisms of linezolid resistance among 86 staphylococcal isolates from two intensive care units were investigated. The most frequent was the G2576T mutation in the 23S rRNA (82%). The cfr gene was found in 17% of the isolates, seven S.