The Commoditization of Ecosystems within Chile's Mapuche Territory: A Violation of the Human Right to Health.

The Araucanía region of Chile is characterized by a significant rural Indigenous population-the Mapuche people-who preserve their cultural beliefs about the world around them. This region is also distinguished by the conflict between the Mapuche people and the Chilean government. The Chilean state has supported the development of extractive projects such as industrial plantations, hydroelectric plants, and aquaculture, using nature to generate profits.

Spanish version of the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale: translation and cross-cultural adaptation.

Background: Emergence delirium (ED) is a mental disturbance in children during recovery from general anaesthesia. The Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale is the only validated scale that assesses ED in paediatric patients undergoing general anaesthesia. The aim of this study was the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the PAED scale into Spanish (Chile).

[Alcohol consumption among high school students from the Araucanía-Chile: ethnicity and residence].

Introduction: This study describes the alcohol consumption in association with residence, gender and ethnicity among high school students from the coastal area of the Araucania Region in Chile.

Subjects And Method: Cross-sectional study on a population of 2,763 high school students aged bet ween 14 to 18 years.

Statistical Analysis: exploratory-descriptive analysis was used for all variables and inferential statistical analysis for associations among variables using 95% confidence interval for the estimates and 5% statistical significance for the statistical test.

[Persons living with HIV/AIDS: ethnic and sociocultural differences in Chile].

Background: The association between ethnicity and HIV/AIDS is an emerging and unexplored issue in Chile.

Aim: To determine the profile of patients with HIV/AIDS by ethnicity and socioeconomic factors associated with diagnostic-therapeutic opportunity in the Araucania and Metropolitan regions.

Methods: Cross-sectional study with 558 patients from two centers of HIV/AIDS in Chile.

Contribution of ethnic group and socioeconomic status to degree of disability in rheumatoid arthritis in Chilean patients.

The aim of this study was to estimate the contributions of ethnic group and socioeconomic status as social determinants related to disability and disease activity in Chilean Mapuche and non-Mapuche patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Descriptive cross-sectional study with a stratified hospital-based sample of 189 patients in treatment with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs. We assessed disability as categorical variable with the Health Assessment Questionnaire, disease activity with the Disease Activity Score instrument, and socioeconomic status with a standard questionnaire used by the Chilean government.

Cultural meanings of musculoskeletal diseases in Chile's Mapuche Population.

Introduction: Eight out of 10 Mapuche indigenous women have a musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) and do not seek early medical aid.

Purpose: To study both the cultural meanings and implications of MSD from the Mapuche worldview.

Design: Ethnographic study carried out from 2008 to 2011 on indigenous reserves in southern Chile.

[Psychomotor development in offspring of mothers with post partum depression].

Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) has adverse effects on psychomotor development of the offspring.

Aim: To evaluate the relationship between PPD and psychomotor development in children aged 18 months, consulting in primary care.

Material And Methods: Cross-sectional study with 360 infants and their mothers.

[Validation of quality of life questionnaire ConQol for Chilean children with congenital heart diseases].

Background: ConQoL questionnaire assesses health related quality of life among children with congenital heart diseases. It has a version for children aged 8 to 11 years and another for children aged 12 to 16 years.

Aim: To validate ConQol questionnaire for Chilean children with a congenital heart disease.

Evaluation of Informed Choice for contraceptive methods among women attending a family planning program: conceptual development; a case study in Chile.

Objective: To generate and validate a scale to measure the Informed Choice of contraceptive methods among women attending a family health care service in Chile.

Study Design And Setting: The study follows a multimethod design that combined expert opinions from 13 physicians, 3 focus groups of 21 women each, and a sample survey of 1,446 women. Data analysis consisted of a qualitative text analysis of group interviews, a factor analysis for construct validity, and kappa statistic and Cronbach alpha to assess scale reliability.

Age of menarche and nutritional status of indigenous and non-indigenous adolescents in the Araucanía Region of Chile.

Background: Early onset of menarche has been linked to prevalence of obesity; however, this may differ for indigenous females.

Objective: To analyse the relationship between age of menarche and nutritional status among indigenous and non-indigenous girls.

Method: The design of this study was cross-sectional.

[Intercultural health care policy from the perspective of health care providers and Mapuche clients].

Background: Intercultural health is becoming an emergent topic in the design of health care programs for Mapuche people of Chile. This process faces important challenges such as the scarce theoretical support about the meaning of intercultural health and their practical consequences for providers and clients.

Aim: To explore the perception in providers and Mapuche clients about intercultural health.

[Intercultural health: elements to the construction of its conceptual bases].

Over the past few years, intercultural health has become an emerging issue in health policy. Intercultural health is an approach to create a better communication between patients and providers. In the short term, this approach incorporates patient's culture background in health care, improving intercultural communication strategies to generate, in the long term, a health system adapted to the medical culture of patients.

Nursing leadership in Chile: a concept in transition.

The purposes of this two-year research study were to uncover Chilean nurses' perspectives of the elements that comprise leadership, and to identify challenges faced by nurse leaders in modern health administration. The research question is, What are the structural components that define and characterize nursing leadership in Chile? Nine nurses from different professional backgrounds volunteered to take part in audiorecorded successive interviews. The research methodology was a kind of grounded theory.