[Satisfação com o Internato Médico em Portugal].

Introduction: In the last years, the global context of medical education and Medical Residency programs in Portugal suffered substantial changes. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate and characterize medical residents ́ satisfaction with medical residency programs in Portugal and to identify features that could be improved.

Material And Methods: We utilized as model the survey Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure that has been developed in the United Kingdom and is speci cally targeted to medical residents.

Expression of prolactin receptor and prolactin in normal and malignant thyroid: a tissue microarray study.

Objective: There is increasing evidence involving prolactin (PRL) and its receptor (PRLR) in the development of different cancers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of PRLR and PRL in human thyroid tissues.

Design And Methods: Using tissue microarray (TMA) by immunohistochemical staining, we examined the expression level of PRLR and PRL in 314 specimens from 71 thyroid cancer patients and 15 normal thyroid samples.

Mutation analysis of the RET proto-oncogene and early thyroidectomy: results of a Portuguese cancer centre.

Background: Evidence that germline mutations in the RET proto-oncogene are the underlying cause of the familial form of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) made it possible to identify gene carriers with a very high degree of accuracy. Aiming to define the mutational profile observed in our patients and to assess gene carriers' compliance with an early surgery, we reviewed results of molecular analysis of RET performed at our institution since 1994.

Methods: One hundred fifty-eight individuals were screened for germline mutations of the RET proto-oncogene.

A multinodular goiter as the initial presentation of a renal cell carcinoma harbouring a novel VHL mutation.

Background: Secondary involvement of the thyroid gland is rare. Often the origin of the tumor is difficult to identify from the material obtained by fine-needle aspiration cytology. Renal cell carcinoma of the clear-cell type is one of the more common carcinomas to metastasize to the thyroid gland.

Immunostaining and RT-PCR: different approaches to search for RET rearrangements in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Different techniques of molecular biology have been used to screen for RET rearrangements. More recently, immunohistochemistry has been used, assuming that RET is not expressed in normal thyroid follicular cells. The present study was designed to define the prevalence of RET expression in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma, by immunohistochemistry and by RT-PCR; to search specifically for RET/PTC-1; -2; -3 rearrangements using RT-PCR, and to compare results obtained by immunohistochemistry with those obtained by RT-PCR.