Effect of Gamma-Oryzanol as Therapeutic Agent to Prevent Cardiorenal Metabolic Syndrome in Animals Submitted to High Sugar-Fat Diet.

Background: The high consumption of fat and sugar contributes to the development of obesity and co-morbidities, such as diabetes, and cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Different strategies have been used to prevent these diseases associated with obesity, such as changes in eating habits and/or the addition of dietary components with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties, such as gamma-oryzanol (γOz) present mainly in bran layers and rice germ.

Methods: Animals were randomly divided into four experimental groups and fed ad libitum for 20 weeks with control diet (C, = 8), control diet + γOz (C + γOz, = 8), high-sugar and high-fat diet (HSF, = 8), and high-sugar and high-fat diet + γOz (HSF + γOz, = 8).

Human neuron-astrocyte 3D co-culture-based assay for evaluation of neuroprotective compounds.

Introduction: Central nervous system drug development has registered high attrition rates, mainly due to the lack of efficacy of drug candidates, highlighting the low reliability of the models used in early-stage drug development and the need for new in vitro human cell-based models and assays to accurately identify and validate drug candidates. 3D human cell models can include different tissue cell types and represent the spatiotemporal context of the original tissue (co-cultures), allowing the establishment of biologically-relevant cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Nevertheless, exploitation of these 3D models for neuroprotection assessment has been limited due to the lack of data to validate such 3D co-culture approaches.

Novel scalable 3D cell based model for in vitro neurotoxicity testing: Combining human differentiated neurospheres with gene expression and functional endpoints.

There is an urgent need for new in vitro strategies to identify neurotoxic agents with speed, reliability and respect for animal welfare. Cell models should include distinct brain cell types and represent brain microenvironment to attain higher relevance. The main goal of this study was to develop and validate a human 3D neural model containing both neurons and glial cells, applicable for toxicity testing in high-throughput platforms.

Genitalia burn: accident or violence? Concerns that transcend injury treatment.

Objective: To describe a case of genital burn which raised the suspicion of maltreatment (sexual abuse and neglect by lack of supervision).

Case Description: An infant was taken to the Emergency Room of a pediatric hospital with an extensive burn in the vulva and perineum. The mother claimed the burn had been caused by a sodium-hydroxide-based product.

[Domestic violence in the conception of health professionals trainers].

This article identifies the conceptions and suggestions of professors of medicine and nursing courses about the insertion of this subject in the formation of their students. An exploratory research was carried out using a questionnaire applied to coordinators of disciplines in such courses at public and private universities in the cities of Rio de Janeiro and Cuiabá. Many of them recognizes violence as a health problem, although 40.

Evaluation of DNA damage and lipoperoxidation of propofol in patients undergoing elective surgery.

Background And Objectives: Inhaled anaesthetics have been studied regarding their genotoxic and mutagenic potential in vivo. Propofol differs from volatile anaesthetics because it does not show mutagenic effects and it has been reported to be an antioxidant. However, there are no studies with propofol and genotoxicity in vivo.

[Analysis of quality-of-care indicators for physically abused children and adolescents].

There has still been limited evaluation in Brazil on the care provided to physically abused children and adolescents. The current study aimed to analyze indicators used in research on services that provide care to such children and adolescents. An exploratory study was conducted, selecting five studies in four services: two nongovernmental organizations in two cities in the interior of São Paulo State and two organizations, one nongovernmental and the other governmental, in the city of Rio de Janeiro.

[Health professionals' reporting of family violence against children and adolescents].

Reporting family violence against children has two main benefits: it protects the child from the violence and improves epidemiological control of violence. Health professionals play an important role in this area, since they are required to report any known or even suspected case of violence. Nevertheless, when and how to report has been questioned recently.