Trend in cervical cancer screening in Spain (2003-2009) and predictors of adherence.

Cervical cancer remains a public health problem in developed countries. Early detection of both premalignant lesions and cervical cancer through an appropriate screening programme may decrease its incidence and mortality. High rates of participation are essential to ensure the desired impact on the population.

Psychological distress and mental disorders among Spanish diabetic adults: a case-control study.

Aim: To compare the prevalence of psychological distress and mental disorders between diabetes and non-diabetes sufferers and to identify associated factors.

Methods: Case-control study based on data from the 2006 to 2007 Spanish National Health Survey. We identified 2193 type 2 diabetic adults.

Trends in the prevalence of physical and functional disability among Spanish elderly suffering from diabetes (2000-2007).

We examined trends and associated factors of disability among Spanish elderly with diabetes from data of three National Health Surveys (NHS) from 2000 to 2007. Prevalence of disability was higher among diabetic elderly versus non-sufferers and increased over time. Adjusted OR for activities of daily living 1.

Vaccination against 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 seasonal influenza in Spain: coverage among high risk subjects, HCWs, immigrants and time trends from the 2005/2006 campaign.

Influenza continues to be a very important cause of morbidity, mortality and a large number of hospitalizations each year, however the compliance with vaccine uptake is low and has barely varied over time among health care workers (HCWs) and people under 65 years of age suffering a chronic condition. Based on data from two nation-wide representative health surveys namely the 2006 Spanish National Health Survey and the 2009 European Health Interview Survey for Spain the aim of this study is to describe influenza vaccination coverage and time trends for the Spanish population as a whole and in recommended populations in four vaccination campaigns: 2005/2006, 2006/2007, 2008/2009 and 2009/2010. Our results show an increasing trend (OR 1.

Predictors of contraceptive methods among adolescents and young women residing in Spain.

Introduction: Preventing unwanted pregnancy is considered one of the main preventive measures of a developed health system.

Aims: The aim of the study were to determine the prevalence of contraceptive methods and identify factors associated with the use of contraception by adolescents and young women residents in Spain.

Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional epidemiologic study on the factors determining use of a contraceptive method among sexually active adolescents and young women aged 16-29 years, living in Spain.

Trends in lower-extremity amputations in people with and without diabetes in Spain, 2001-2008.

Objective: To examine trends in nontraumatic lower-extremity amputations (LEAs) over an 8-year period in patients with and without diabetes in Spain.

Research Design And Methods: We identified all patients who underwent an LEA using national hospital discharge data. Discharges were grouped by diabetes status: type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and no diabetes.

Visual perception of skeletal class and biotype in Spain.

The aim of this study was to determine and compare the visual accuracy of students and experienced orthodontists in distinguishing the different skeletal classes and facial biotypes using only lateral photographs. A group of 19 orthodontic students (4 males and 15 females, aged between 23 and 30 years) and 9 experienced orthodontists (three males and six females, aged between 30 and 56 years) were shown a slide presentation of 100 (50 males and 50 females) patients aged between 8 and 42 years and were asked to indicate the skeletal class and the facial biotype of each subject. Data were analysed using a one-way repeated measures analysis of variance, with Bonferroni post hoc adjustment for multiple testing.

The association between excess weight and self-rated health and psychological distress in women in Spain.

Objective: To investigate the associations between obesity and self-rated health and psychological well-being in Spanish women.

Design: Cross-sectional study. Three dependent variables were defined: self-rated health; self-declared diagnosis of psychiatric disorders or use of psychiatric drugs; and General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) score.

Effectiveness of age-based strategies to increase influenza vaccination coverage among high risk subjects in Madrid (Spain).

We aim to assess the effectiveness of age-based strategies to increase influenza vaccination coverage among high risk subjects. To do so, we describe and compare the influenza vaccination coverage in the 2006/2007 campaign between the Autonomous Community of Madrid (ACM), where in year 2005 the recommendation was extended by 5 years to cover all those aged 60 and over, and other regions of Spain where the universally recommended age was 65 years and above. We used individualized secondary data provided by two surveys carried out in 2007 in ACM and in the rest of Spain.

Trends in primary total hip arthroplasty in Spain from 2001 to 2008: evaluating changes in demographics, comorbidity, incidence rates, length of stay, costs and mortality.

Background: Hip arthroplasties is one of the most frequent surgical procedures in Spain and are conducted mainly in elderly subjects. We aim to analyze changes in incidence, co-morbidity profile, length of hospital stay (LOHS), costs and in-hospital mortality (IHM) of patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) over an 8-year study period in Spain.

Methods: We selected all surgical admissions in individuals aged ≥ 40 years who had received a primary THA (ICD-9-CM procedure code 81.

Trends in deliveries in women with gestational diabetes in Spain, 2001-2008.

We examined trends and characteristics of deliveries in women with gestational diabetes in Spain from 2001 to 2008. There were 101,643 deliveries with gestational diabetes among 2,782,369 delivery discharges (3.6%) with no increase over time.

Changes in the epidemiology of hepatitis A in Spain (2005–2008): trends of acute hepatitis A hospitalizations, comorbidities, and costs associated with the hospitalization.

Introduction: The objective of this study is to analyze data related to hospitalization, comorbidities, median stays and costs associated with the hospitalization cases of hepatitis A in Spain, during the 2005-2008 periods.

Methods: A retrospective study of the characteristics of acute hepatitis A patients admitted to Spanish hospitals was performed using the minimum basic dataset. Costs were calculated using the diagnosis-related groups for the disease.

Increased use of oral contraceptives in Spain: related factors and time trend, 2003-2006.

Aims: We aimed to determine the prevalence of consumption of oral contraceptives (OCs) among women living in Spain and to identify the factors associated with this consumption.

Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional epidemiologic study on consumption of OCs by women aged 16-50 years resident in Spain. As the dependent variable, we took the answer to the question, "In the last two weeks, have you taken the contraceptives pill?" Independent variables were sociodemographic, comorbidity, and healthcare resources.

Health status of Roma women in Spain.

Background: The objective of the present study is to describe the health status of Roma women in Spain. Population-based health data have become available for this group, and we can now identify differences with non-Roma women.

Methods: Cross-sectional, epidemiological study from the 2006 Spanish National Health Survey and the first National Health Survey in the Romany population (2006).

Sex--differences on self-medication in Spain.

Purpose: This study mainly aimed at describing the factors associated with self-medicated consumption of drugs in Spain from a gender perspective.

Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study covering the Spanish adult population, using data drawn from the 2006 and 2007 Spanish National Health Survey (SNHS). A total of 20,738 subjects were analyzed.

Predictors of breast and cervical cancer screening in a Spanish metropolitan area.

Background: Gynecological cancers are an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Screening with mammography and Pap smear reduces breast and cervical cancer mortality. Neverthless, high participation rates are needed to ensure their effectiveness.

Gender influence in influenza vaccine uptake in Spain: time trends analysis (1995-2006).

This study aims to analyze gender differences in influenza vaccine coverage and predictors of vaccine uptake in Spain from year 1995 to 2006. We used data obtained from the Spanish National Health Surveys (NHSS) conducted in 1995, 1997, 2001, 2003 and 2006. Only subjects for whom the vaccine was recommended in Spain (age >or=65 years and <65 years with an associated chronic condition) during the entire study period were analyzed.

Hospitalization trends in Spanish children and adolescents with eating disorders (1998-2007).

The study describes and analyzes the hospitalizations due to eating disorders (EDs) among children and adolescents during 1998-2007 in Spain. We conducted a retrospective study of national hospitalization data using the Minimum Basic Data Set. Hospitalization rates were calculated for EDs among children and adolescents aged 10-18 years.

Clustering of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors is associated with nonadherence to clinical preventive recommendations among adults with diabetes.

Aim: Analyze clustering of unhealthy lifestyle behavior and its relationship with nonadherence to clinical preventive care services among Spanish diabetic adults.

Methods: Cross-sectional study including 2156 diabetic adults from the 2006 Spanish National Health Survey. Subjects were asked about their uptake of BP measurement, lipid profile, influenza vaccination, and dental examination.

Predictors of influenza vaccination uptake among adults with a history of heart attack.

Background: Influenza vaccination can reduce morbidity and mortality caused by cardiovascular diseases. This study sought to evaluate influenza vaccination coverage among adults with a history of heart attack and to determine which variables were associated with vaccine uptake.

Results: A total of 716 adults reported having suffered a heart attack.

Characteristics and hospitalization costs of patients with diabetes in Spain.

Using data from the Minimum Basic Dataset (MBDS) we described the hospitalizations in Spanish patients with diabetes. In 2007, acute diabetes-related complications accounted for 3.9% of admissions and chronic complications accounted for 30.

Trends of hospitalizations, fatality rate and costs for acute myocardial infarction among Spanish diabetic adults, 2001-2006.

Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the more frequent reasons diabetic patients are admitted to hospital, and there are reports that the long-term prognosis after an AMI is much worse in these patients than in non-diabetic patients. This study aims to compare hospital admissions and costs in Spanish diabetic and non-diabetic subjects due to AMI during the period 2001-2006.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 6 years of national hospitalization data associated with diabetes using the Minimum Basic Data Set.

Breast and cervical cancer screening in Spain and predictors of adherence.

Gynecological cancers are an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Secondary prevention programmes attempt to improve their prognosis. High participation rates are needed to ensure the desired population impact.