Direct structure elucidation by powder X-ray diffraction of a metal-organic framework material prepared by solvent-free grinding.

Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) has been exploited to establish the structural properties of a porous interpenetrated mixed-ligand metal-organic framework material prepared by solid-state grinding, recognizing that product phases from mechanochemical synthesis are typically microcrystalline powders. The importance of subjecting the powder XRD data to rigorous scrutiny in such applications is emphasized.

Solvent-free synthesis of metal complexes.

Avoiding the use of solvents in synthesis can reduce environmental contamination and even be more convenient than using solvent-based synthesis. In this tutorial review we focus on recent research into the use of mechanochemistry (grinding) to synthesise metal complexes in the absence of solvent. We include synthesis of mononuclear complexes, coordination clusters, spacious coordination cages, and 1-, 2- and 3-dimensional coordination polymers (metal organic frameworks) which can even exhibit microporosity.