How do early affiliative memories explain body image shame? A 12-month longitudinal study in adolescent girls.

Objective: This study aimed to explain adolescent girls' body image shame across a 12- month longitudinal design, and its relationship with early parental memories of warmth and safeness and fear of receiving compassion from others.

Design And Methods: Participants included 231 adolescent girls, who completed self-report measures at three different periods: baseline (W1), 6-month follow-up (W2), and 12-month follow-up (W3). Descriptive and correlational analyses were performed, and differences between participants at the different waves were explored through repeated measures ANOVA.

Exposure to Infection among Adolescent and Young Adult Women in Roraima, Amazon Region of Brazil.

Background: Syphilis is a chronic infectious disease, and its prevalence has been described since the 15th century. Because of the high prevalence of this infection in Brazil, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of syphilis and its associated factors among adolescent and young women living in the city of Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazil.

Methods: The present study was cross-sectional, descriptive, analytical and quantitative.

Affiliative interactions and body and eating-related difficulties in adolescent girls: The effects of fears of compassion and feelings of social safeness.

The need to examine the associations between emotion regulation and mental health and well-being among adolescents is increasingly recognized. Adolescence is a critical time characterized by increased vulnerability towards emotional struggles and difficulties, especially related with body image and eating behaviours. Thus, it seems particularly important to analyse the processes and mechanisms underlying the relationships between several risk factors (such as the lack of early affiliative memories) and body and eating-related difficulties, in this specific developmental phase.

The powerful effect of body image inflexibility on the explanation of eating psychopathology severity.

Purpose: Feelings of shame and social comparison focused on physical appearance have been identified as important risk factors for the engagement in disordered eating behaviours. Further, recent studies have emphasized the role of body-image psychological (in)flexibility in the association between several risk factors and eating psychopathology. The current study intended to explore, in two different path models, the effects of external shame, physical appearance-related social comparison, and body image inflexibility on the explanation of eating psychopathology severity.

How psychological inflexibility mediates the association between general feelings of shame with body image-related shame and eating psychopathology severity?

Adolescence is considered a transitional stage characterized by several physical, psychological and social changes. During this period, there is an increased propensity for the emergence of emotional difficulties, especially those related to body image and eating attitudes and behaviours. In particular, shame has been pointed out as a key risk factor for body image and eating-related difficulties.

Striving as a paradoxical strategy to deal with fears of compassion: impact on disordered eating.

Purpose: Recent literature has documented the relationship between fears of compassion and disordered eating attitudes and behaviours. However, research on the processes underlying this association is still in the early stages. As such, this study tested a mediator model where insecure striving and inflexible eating (i.

The relation of early positive emotional memories to women's social safeness: The role of shame and fear of receiving compassion.

Early affiliative experiences play an important role in social and emotional development. Several authors have suggested that early positive experiences may be recorded as memories of warmth and soothing. However, the relationship between such memories and current feelings of social safeness and connectedness remains scarcely studied.

Exploring the paths between self-compassionate attributes and actions, body compassion and disordered eating.

The relationship between self-compassion and well-being and health (e.g. a lower proneness for eating-related disturbances) is well stressed in the literature.

The central role of self-reassurance to explain body and eating attitudes.

Literature has emphasized the significant role of social acceptance and connectedness in well-being and the benefits of cultivating a positive body image in the prevention and treatment of body and eating-related difficulties. The current study aims to examine whether strategies of self-reassurance and body-image appreciation mediate the association of feelings of social safeness and acceptance with the "core" dimensions of body and eating-related psychopathology (restraint, eating concern, weight concern, and shape concern), while controlling the effects of body mass index (BMI). Participants were 309 Portuguese women, aged between 18 and 50 years that completed self-report measures.

Steps toward understanding the impact of early emotional experiences on disordered eating: The role of self-criticism, shame, and body image shame.

In research, it has been suggested that early threatening emotional experiences, characterized by abuse, rejection, neglect or absence of affiliative signals may activate maladaptive defensive responses. Further, several studies have emphasised the association between the recall of early emotional experiences and eating psychopathology. However, this relationship does not seem to be direct.

Do shame and perfectionistic self-presentation explain the link between early affiliative memories and eating psychopathology?

This study tested a model examining the impact that early affiliative memories (both with family and peers) on eating psychopathology, and whether these links are carried by the mechanisms of external shame and body image-related perfectionistic self-presentation, in a sample of 480 female college students. Path analyses' results revealed that this model accounted for 48% of disordered eating's variance and suggests that the lack of early positive emotional memories is associated with higher levels of shame (feelings of inferiority and unattractiveness), and with higher tendency to adopt body image-related perfectionistic strategies, that seem to explain excessive eating concern and rigid control of one's eating behaviors. This study offers important insights for future research and for the development of intervention programs, by revealing the importance of assessing and targeting shame and perfectionistic strategies and suggesting the importance of promoting adaptive emotion regulation strategies.

How do warmth, safeness and connectedness-related memories and experiences explain disordered eating?

Unlabelled: Literature suggested that the recall of early positive experiences have a major impact on the promotion of feelings of connectedness and social safeness, and seems to protect individuals against psychopathology. Recent research has also demonstrated that the absence of these positive rearing memories play a key role on disordered eating-related behaviours. The impact of early affiliative memories on disordered eating do not seem to be direct, and the mechanisms underlying this relationship are scarcely investigated.

Kindness toward One's Self and Body: Exploring Mediational Pathways between Early Memories and Disordered Eating.

Recent literature has emphasized the role played by early emotional experiences on body image and eating-related psychopathology. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying the link between positive rearing experiences and eating psychopathology remain scarcely explored. Thus, this study aimed to explore a model in which it was hypothesized that early emotional experiences, characterized by warmth, safeness, and soothing, are negatively associated with disordered eating through higher levels of self-compassion and a more positive and caring relationship with one's own body.

Social safeness and disordered eating: Exploring underlying mechanisms of body appreciation and inflexible eating.

Feelings of social safeness and connectedness have been associated with adaptive emotion regulation processes and well-being indicators. Further, literature has demonstrated that interpersonal experiences play an important role in the etiology and maintenance of body and eating psychopathology. However, the study of the role of social variables and emotion regulation processes in the engagement in inflexible eating rules and eating psychopathology is still in its early stages.

Shame and eating psychopathology in Portuguese women: Exploring the roles of self-judgment and fears of receiving compassion.

Shame has been for long associated with the development and maintenance of body image and eating-related difficulties. However, the mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. Therefore, the current study sought to examine the mechanisms of self-judgment and fears of receiving compassion from others in the association between external shame and disordered eating, while controlling for body mass index (BMI).

Exploring the effect of external shame on body appreciation among Portuguese young adults: The role of self-compassion.

Studies on body image-related disturbances have recently embraced a fresh and innovative construct: body appreciation. Body appreciation, an aspect of positive body image, defines as the detention of a balanced, affectionate and health-conscious relationship with one's own body's features. Its exploration is considered to be essential to the success of upcoming prevention and intervention programs in the area of body image and eating disorders.

Self-compassion: An adaptive link between early memories and women's quality of life.

Research has emphasized the important role of recalling childhood experiences on adult mental health, and also the benefits of self-compassion on well-being. This study explored self-compassion as a mediator between early memories with family and peers and quality of life, on a wide age range female sample ( N = 645). Path analysis revealed that self-compassion mediated the impact of both types of memories on women's perceived quality of life.

Experiential avoidance versus decentering abilities: the role of different emotional processes on disordered eating.

In modern western societies, the female body is a predominantly used dimension in self and social evaluations. In fact, the perceived discrepancy between one's current and ideal body image may act as a pathogenic phenomenon on women's well-being. Furthermore, significant differences in the tendency to engage in disordered eating attitudes and behaviours have been verified between women sharing similar characteristics and perceptions about body's weight and shape, which suggests  that different emotion regulation processes may be involved in this association.

How can the recall of early affiliative memories with peers influence on disordered eating behaviours?

The present study aimed to explore the role of early affiliative memories with peers on the adoption of disordered eating attitudes and behaviours through the mechanisms of external shame and self-judgment. The sample used in the current study comprised 632 women from the community, aged between 18 and 60 years old.The tested model explained 22 % of eating psychopathology's variance and showed excellent model fit indices.

A randomized trial of nebulized 3% hypertonic saline with salbutamol in the treatment of acute bronchiolitis in hospitalized infants.

Objective: Acute bronchiolitis is a common disorder of infants that often results in hospitalization. Apart from supportive care, no therapy has been shown to influence the course of the disease, except for a possible effect of nebulized hypertonic saline (HS). To determine whether this does have beneficial effects on length of stay in hospital or on severity scores, we undertook a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial in a pediatric department of a Portuguese hospital.