Exploring barriers and facilitators to feeding children with minimal or no "Junk Food": Insights from Mexican women.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the factors that promote or hinder the feeding of children with minimal or no ultra-processed products to inform the design of an mHealth strategy in Mexico and prevent child malnutrition among the economically vulnerable.

Methods: An exploratory qualitative study was conducted, involving 24 in-depth face-to-face interviews with caregivers of children aged 24-59 months from both urban and rural communities. To analyze the data, we used thematic analysis and incorporated a few elements of grounded theory.

Massive open online course on breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico.

Background: COVID-19 virus was reported to be transmitted through breastfeeding (BF), creating the need for rapidly available, standardized information and training for health personnel and the community about BF as an urgent action to reduce misinformation and unethical promotion of breast milk substitutes (BMS). In Mexico, a massive open online course (MOOC) was designed and implemented to protect, promote and support BF in emergency contexts.

Methods: MOOC registration consisted of collection of quantitative data regarding participant characteristics, MOOC coverage, scores achieved and completion rates.

Effectiveness and Implementation of a Text Messaging mHealth Intervention to Prevent Childhood Obesity in Mexico in the COVID-19 Context: Mixed Methods Study.

Background: Promoting physical activity (PA) and healthy feeding (HF) is crucial to address the alarming increase in obesity rates in developing countries. Leveraging mobile phones for behavior change communication to encourage infant PA and promote HF is particularly significant within the Mexican context.

Objective: This study aims to explore the effectiveness and feasibility of mHealth interventions aimed at promoting PA and HF among primary caregivers (PCs) of Mexican children under the age of 5 years.

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Objetivo: Estimar prevalencias de indicadores de prácticas de alimentación infantil en menores de 24 meses en México. Material y métodos. Análisis de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición Continua 2021 y 2022 (Ensanut Continua 2021 y 2022) en mujeres de 14-59 años y sus hijos/as menores de 24 meses (<24 meses).

[Not Available].

Objetivo: Describir la tendencia en las prácticas de alimentación infantil en México antes y después de la pandemia por Covid-19, usando datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (Ensanut) 2012, 2018-19, 2021 y 2022. Material y métodos. Población: mujeres 12-59 años y sus hijos/as < 24 meses.

Perceptions, knowledge, and practices of breastfeeding in indigenous regions of Mexico during Covid-19 pandemic.

Objective: To explore the perceptions, knowledge, and practices of breastfeeding in the context of Covid-19 of pregnant and postpartum women, midwives, and health providers in an indigenous region of Chiapas, Mexico.

Materials And Methods: Qualitative thematic analysis study involving semi-structured interviews (n = 46) with pregnant women (n = 19), postpartum women (n = 6), health providers (n = 10, i.e.

Challenges around Child-Feeding Practices with 'Comida Chatarra': A Qualitative Study to Understand the Role of Sociocultural Factors in Caregiver Feeding Decisions.

A massive incorporation of ultra-processed products into young children's diets worldwide and in Mexico has been documented. The aim of this study is to understand the role of sociocultural factors in principal caregivers' decisions to give a type of ultra-processed food to children under age five, called 'comida chatarra' ('junk food' in English), usually includes sugar-sweetened beverages, sweet and salty snacks, and sweet breakfast cereals. We conducted a descriptive, observational qualitative study.

Legislation on marketing of breast-milk substitutes in digital and social media: a scoping review.

Innovative and continuously changing methods of digital marketing are routinely used to reach young women and their families with advertisements that normalise infant artificial feeding and undermine breastfeeding. Legislation and provisions regulating digital and social media marketing are limited across countries. The aim of this scoping review was to systematically identify and summarise worldwide legislation implemented to regulate breast-milk substitutes (BMS) marketing on digital and social media, as well as identifying areas of opportunity to strengthen and improve it.

Green Space Exposure and Obesity in the Mexican Adult Population.

Green space or natural vegetation may reduce obesity risk by increasing opportunities for physical activity or reducing stress and exposure to other pollutants. Obesity prevalence in Mexico is ranked among the highest in the world. However, research on the association between green space and obesity in Mexico is lacking.

Methodologies for Monitoring the Digital Marketing of Foods and Beverages Aimed at Infants, Children, and Adolescents (ICA): A Scoping Review.

While television has been the most widely used medium for food and beverage marketing, companies are shifting in favor of digital media. The ubiquitous digital marketing of breast-milk substitutes (BMS) and foods and beverages high in saturated fat, salt, and/or free sugars (FBHFSS) has been considered a powerful environmental determinant of inadequate dietary practices during infancy, childhood, and adolescence. The scoping review's aim was to systematically identify and map the types of methodologies available to monitor the digital marketing of foods and beverages targeting infants, children, and adolescents (ICA) worldwide.

Physical Activity in Mexican High Schools.

Background: We evaluated the association between availability of specific physical activity (PA) spaces and PA practices among adolescents within Mexican high schools (HS).

Methods: Data were collected through an online survey applied to principals or person in charge of 4023 Mexican HS during the 2015-2016 school year. Adequate PA was defined as moderate to vigorous intensity PA for ≥60 minutes/day, ≥5 days/week, whereas PA-specific spaces were considered those that were available and specifically designed/used for PA.

Breastfeeding practices in Mexico: Results from the National Demographic Dynamic Survey 2006-2018.

Although actions have been taken to improve breastfeeding in Mexico, trends over the last decade and their associated factors have not been analysed. We estimated trends in breastfeeding practices at the national, rural/urban, and regional level indigenous ethnicity and socio-economic level, and their associated factors using the National Demographic Dynamics Survey (2006, 2009, 2014 and 2018). We assessed breastfeeding indicators of women with children <24 months according to The World Health Organization recommendations.

Barriers and facilitators to breastfeeding during the immediate and one month postpartum periods, among Mexican women: a mixed methods approach.

Background: Evidence suggests that inadequate hospital practices, as well as sociocultural and community factors have detrimental effects on timely initiation as the first breastfeed within first hour after birth, and exclusive breastfeeding. The purpose of the study was to examine the factors that influence timely initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding at birth and 1 month postpartum in Mexican women delivering in public and private hospitals.

Methods: Mixed methods were conducted between May and July 2017, including surveys (n = 543) and semi-structured interviews (n = 60) in the immediate (7 h) and intermediate (30 days) postpartum periods.

Marketing of breast milk substitutes on the internet and television in Mexico.

Aim: We aimed to examine the advertising and marketing of breast milk substitutes (BMS) through the internet, social media and television in Mexico.

Methods: We recorded the programming of four main TV channels at peak times to identify BMS advertisements. In addition, we identified the main BMS products and companies present on the internet, as well as related home pages and social networks (Facebook, Twitter and YouTube).

An Iterative Process for Training Design and Implementation Increased Health Workers' Knowledge for Taking Nutrition Behavior Change to Scale.

Background: The shortage of skilled, motivated, and well-supported health workers is a major barrier to scaling up nutrition interventions and services.

Objective: The objective of this study is to describe the process for developing and implementing a training of health personnel for the delivery of the Integrated Strategy for Attention to Nutrition (EsIAN), an evidence-based strategy for promoting infant and young child feeding through primary health care in Mexico. The specific objective is to provide a case study and highlight challenges, as well as elements to successfully mitigate these, and discuss potential applications of findings beyond the Mexican context.

Translating Evidence-Based Program Recommendations into Action: The Design, Testing, and Scaling Up of the Behavior Change Strategy EsIAN in Mexico.

Background: The Integrated Strategy for Attention to Nutrition (EsIAN in Spanish) is a national strategy within Mexico's conditional cash transfer program (initially Progresa, then Oportunidades, then Prospera, CCT-POP) designed to strengthen the health and nutrition component, address the nutrition transition, and improve the health and nutritional status of its beneficiaries, through 3 main components: 1) procurement of functioning equipment to primary health care (PHC) units; 2) providing free micronutrient supplements to beneficiary women and children; 3) implementing a behavior change communication (BCC) strategy and a training system for PHC providers (PHCPs).

Objective: We aim to describe the iterative process and evidence-based approach used to design and roll-out the EsIAN at scale, by focusing on the BCC component.

Methods: The BCC strategy was developed by following an iterative process through the following phases: situational analysis, formative research and design of the BCC strategy (using the socioecological framework and the social marketing approach), large-scale feasibility study, redesign, and national scale-up.

Violations of the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes in Mexico.

This study estimated the prevalence of violations of the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes (BMS) and subsequent resolutions of the World Health Assembly (Code) at health facilities, points of sale (POS), and on BMS labelling and media in Mexico. We carried out a cross-sectional survey among 693 mothers with children aged less than 24 months and 48 health providers at public and private health facilities in two states of Mexico. Observational assessment at 20 POS and the health facilities was conducted as well as an analysis of labels on BMS products for sale.

[Evolution of social food assistance programs in Mexico through Ensanut MC 2016 data].

Objective: To describe the coverage and targeting of Social Food Assistance Programs (SFAP) in Mexico.

Materials And Methods: Data were obtained from 9 137 households of the Halfway National Health and Nutrition Survey 2016 (Ensanut MC 2016) who receive SFAP. The distribution of the SFAP by place of residence, index of socioeconomic status and SFAP relevance were analyzed.

Time trends and sex differences in associations between socioeconomic status indicators and overweight-obesity in Mexico (2006-2012).

Background: Although the associations between specific socioeconomic status (SES) indicators and overweight or obesity (OWOB) have been studied in different countries, fewer evidence exists for these associations when multiple SES indicators are considered simultaneously. Furthermore, there are few studies investigating time trends in OWOB and their relation with SES in upper-middle income countries, especially for men. The present study contributes to a better understanding of the nature and evolution of the associations between SES indicators and OWOB in the Mexican adult population.

[Barriers and facilitators for physical activity during pregnancy and postpartum in women living in poverty of Mexico].

Objective: To explore perceptions of healthcare providers and beneficiaries of Oportunidades program on physical activity during pregnancy and post-partum; and identify current reported practices related to counseling on physical activity in the primary healthcare services in Mexico.

Materials And Methods: A mixed methods approach was used which is part of a nutrition intervention of the Oportunidades program. Qualitative information was collected through interviews (50=women; 34=providers) and quantitative information was collected by questionnaires (n=88 women; n=64 provider; n=111 observations during consultation).