[Pott's disease, surgical case series and literature review].

Background: Osteoarticular tuberculosis represents 9-20% of extrapulmonary forms and spinal tuberculosis is its most common form.

Clinical Cases: We present three cases of tuberculous spondylitis in patients aged 22, 36 and 68 years, with 8, 6 and 6 months of evolution and with involvement of L5-S1, T7-T8 and T5-T6, respectively. The two younger patients had disc involvement, and in the first case a pyogenic abscess was initially suspected.

Clinical profile of patients with surgical brain abscesses and etiology in a reference hospital.

Introduction: The annual incidence of brain abscesses is 1-2% in developed countries and up to 8% in developing countries. Our aim was to describe the profile and etiological agents of patients with surgical brain infections according to their nosological diagnosis on admission, and to analyze whether the initial diagnosis influenced the neurological deficit at discharge.

Methodology: This was an observational study with convenience sampling.

The Clinicopathological Features of the Solitary Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma: A Systematic Review.

Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA), a circumscribed grade I glioma, is typically associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). However, "solitary SEGA" has been described. We performed a systematic review of available case reports and case series of solitary SEGA.

Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis, Associated with Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis, and ANCA-Negative Serology.

Background: Hypertrophic pachymeningitis (HP) is a disease with diverse aetiologies, including the autoimmune one, either associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies or immunoglobulin G4.

Case Description: A 65-year-old woman with a history of systemic arterial hypertension, presented with intense progressive headaches. HP and hemispheric vasogenic oedema were observed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study.

Diminished Anthropometric Measures and Other Associated Variables in a Sample of Violent Offenders: A Case-Control Study.

Background Predicting criminal behavior is a complex task due to its multidimensional nature. Nevertheless, health professionals and criminologists must consider individual criminogenic risk factors to provide reliable expert opinions. Physical traits have been a subject of scrutiny since the inception of biological positivism.

Functional and histological effects of Anthurium schlechtendalii Kunth extracts on adenine-induced kidney damage of adult Wistar rats.

Anthurium schlechtendalii Kunth is used by the Zoque group in southeastern Mexico for kidney and urinary diseases, but its safety and effectiveness are unproven, therefore a model of adenine-induced renal failure in rats was performed. The rats were fed with solid and aqueous plant extracts for 4 weeks to study its effects on kidney histological morphology. Kidneys were examined, and statistical analysis was performed.

A Patient With Epilepsy, Ganglioglioma, and Oligodendroglioma With Anaplastic Foci in the Same Left Frontoparietal Lesion: A Case Report.

Gangliogliomas are central nervous system (CNS) tumors with a neuronal and glial component considered grade 1 according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification. On the other hand, oligodendrogliomas are diffuse infiltrating gliomas (CNS WHO grade 2 or 3) characterized by both an isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation and 1p/19q co-deletion. There have been some cases with the coexistence of these two tumors.

ADIPOQ single nucleotide polymorphisms and breast cancer in northeastern Mexican women.

Background: Adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) polymorphisms have been shown to affect adiponectin serum concentration and some have been associated with breast cancer (BC) risk. The aims of this study were to describe the frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ADIPOQ in Mexican women with BC and to determine if they show an association with it.

Methods: DNA samples from 397 patients and 355 controls were tested for the ADIPOQ gene SNPs: rs2241766 (GT) and rs1501299 (GT) by TaqMan allelic discrimination assay.

First report of a Mexican family with mutation in the CDH1 gene.

Background: Germline mutations in E-cadherin (CDH1) gene are associated with autosomal-dominantly inherited cancer syndrome characterized by diffuse gastric cancer, lobular breast cancer, and in some families, cleft lip/palate. However, there may be generations in which these neoplasms do not occur at all in a family and later on, one or another carcinoma arises, which makes it difficult for physicians to think about hereditary origin.

Methods: We report the first Mexican family with CDH1 mutation (variant c.

Sudden Death Report in Mexico (1998-2014).

Introduction: Sudden death (SD) is a health problem worldwide affecting all strata of the population. The main cause of SD is ischemic heart disease (IHD). The aims of the study were as follows: (i) to analyze the incidence of deaths from IHD in two successive periods (1998-2006 and 2007-2015) to visualize the magnitude of the problem and (ii) to review the official reports of SD in the same lapse of time.

Sudden Death Report in Mexico (1998-2014).

Introduction: Sudden death (SD) is a health problem worldwide affecting all strata of the population. The main cause of SD is ischemic heart disease (IHD). The aims of the study were as follows: (i) to analyze the incidence of deaths from IHD in two successive periods (1998-2006 and 2007-2015) to visualize the magnitude of the problem and (ii) to review the official reports of SD in the same lapse of time.

Time trend tendency (1988-2014 years) of organochlorine pesticide levels in the adipose tissue of Veracruz inhabitants.

The population that lives in areas where organochlorine pesticides were spread in the past is still exposed to them through contaminated food, particulate matter, and vapors. Due to their lipophilic properties and resistance to metabolic reactions, they accumulate in tissues and fluids rich in lipids. The aim of the study was to monitor the concentrations of organochlorine pesticides in forensic adipose tissue samples of adult inhabitants of Veracruz City, Mexico, and compare their time trend levels from 1988 to 2014.

New clinicopathological associations and histoprognostic markers in ILAE types of hippocampal sclerosis.

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS) is a heterogeneous syndrome. Surgery results in seizure freedom for most pharmacoresistant patients, but the epileptic and cognitive prognosis remains variable. The 2013 International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) histopathological classification of hippocampal sclerosis (HS) has fostered research to understand MTLE-HS heterogeneity.

[C677T-SNP of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene and breast cancer in Mexican women].

Background: Low-penetrance susceptibility genes such as 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR) have been considered in the progression of breast cancer (BC). Cancer is a result of genetic, environmental and epigenetic interactions; therefore, these genes should be studied in environmental context, because the results can vary between populations and even within the same country. The objective was to analyze the allelic and genotypic frequencies of the MTHFR C667T SNP in Mexican Mestizo patients with BC and controls from Northeastern Mexico.

Alzheimer disease.

Alzheimer disease neuropathology is characterized by the extracellular accumulation of Aβ peptide and intracellular aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau. With the progression of the disease, macroscopic atrophy affects the entorhinal area and hippocampus, amygdala, and associative regions of the neocortex. The locus coeruleus is depigmented.

Predictive factors of long-term outcomes of surgery for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis.

Objective: The reasons for failure of surgical treatment for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) associated with hippocampal sclerosis (HS) remain unclear. This retrospective study analyzed seizure, cognitive, and psychiatric outcomes, searching for factors associated with seizure relapse or cognitive and psychiatric deterioration after MTLE-HS surgery.

Methods: Seizure, cognitive, and psychiatric outcomes were reviewed after 389 surgeries performed between 1990 and 2015 on patients aged 15-67 years at a tertiary center.

Use of Cardiac Injury Markers in the Postmortem Diagnosis of Sudden Cardiac Death.

In the daily practice of forensic pathology, sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a diagnostic challenge. Our aim was to determine the usefulness of blood biomarkers [creatine kinase CK-MB, myoglobin, troponins I and T (cTn-I and T), and lactate dehydrogenase] measured by immunoassay technique, in the postmortem diagnosis of SCD. Two groups were compared, 20 corpses with SCD and 8 controls.

Parkinson disease and progressive supranuclear palsy: protein expression in skin.

Objective: This study characterizes the expression of tau (p-tau) and α-synuclein (α-syn) by immunohistochemistry in the skin of three different populations: healthy control (HC), Parkinson disease (PD), and progressive supranuclear paralysis (PSP) subjects, with the purpose of finding a biomarker that could differentiate between subjects with PD and PSP.

Material And Methods: We evaluated the presence of p-tau and α-syn in a pilot study in the skin of three distinct groups of patients: 17 healthy subjects, 17 patients with PD, and 10 patients with PSP. Four millimeters punch biopsies were obtained from the occipital area and analyzed by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against α-syn and phosphorylated species of tau.

An educational strategy for improving knowledge about breast and cervical cancer prevention among Mexican middle school students.

Introduction: Prevention programs have not achieved the expected results in preventing mortality from breast and cervical cancer in Mexico. Therefore, we propose a complementary strategy.

Methodology: An educational strategy for high school students in Mexico (2011-2013) was designed (longitudinal design, two measurements and a single intervention).

α-Synuclein inclusions in the skin of Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism.

Objective: The presence in the brain of α-synuclein containing Lewy neurites, or bodies, is the histological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). The discovery of α-synuclein aggregates in nerve endings of the heart, digestive tract, and skin has lent support to the concept of PD as a systemic disease. Our goals were, first, to demonstrate the presence of α-synuclein inclusions in the skin and, second, to detect quantitative differences between patients with PD and atypical parkinsonism (AP).

The Frequency and Type of K-RAS Mutations in Mexican Patients With Colorectal Cancer: A National Study.

Background: Current metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) therapy uses monoclonal antibodies against the epidermal growth factor receptor. This treatment is only useful in the absence of K-RAS gene mutations; therefore the study of such mutations is part of a personalized treatment. The aim of this work is to determine the frequency and type of the most common K-RAS mutations in Mexican patients with metastatic disease by nucleotide sequencing.

YAP expression in normal and neoplastic breast tissue: an immunohistochemical study.

Background And Aims: Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a transcriptional factor involved in normal cell proliferation, apoptosis and carcinogenesis; however, its contribution to breast cancer (BC) is still controversial. We undertook this study to compare the expression of YAP by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in normal breast tissue of women without breast cancer (BC) (controls), non-neoplastic breast tissue in women with cancer (internal controls) and in four different subtypes of invasive ductal carcinoma.

Methods: There were 17 controls and 105 tumor cases (53 luminal A, 15 luminal B, 20 overexpression of HER2 and 17 triple negative cases) studied by IHC.

Comparative study of polymorphism frequencies of the CYP2D6, CYP3A5, CYP2C8 and IL-10 genes in Mexican and Spanish women with breast cancer.

Aim: Pharmacogenetic studies in breast cancer (BC) may predict the efficacy of tamoxifen and the toxicity of paclitaxel and capecitabine. We determined the frequency of polymorphisms in the CYP2D6 gene associated with activation of tamoxifen, and those of the genes CYP2C8, CYP3A5 and DPYD associated with toxicity of paclitaxel and capecitabine. We also included a IL-10 gene polymorphism associated with advanced tumor stage at diagnosis.

Genetic structure of Mexican Mestizos with type 2 diabetes mellitus based on three STR loci.

Background: The aims of this population genetics study were: 1) to ascertain whether Mexicans with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) were genetically homogeneous and 2) to compare the genetic structure of this selected population with the previously reported data of four random populations (Nuevo León, Hispanics, Chihuahua, and Central Region of Mexico).

Methods: A sample of 103 unrelated individuals with DM and whose 4 grandparents were born in five zones of Mexico was interviewed in 32 Medical Units in the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS). The non-coding STRs D16S539, D7S820, and D13S317 were analyzed.