5-Aza-2'-Deoxycytidine and Valproic Acid in Combination with CHIR99021 and A83-01 Induce Pluripotency Genes Expression in Human Adult Somatic Cells.

A generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) by ectopic expression of OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC has established promising opportunities for stem cell research, drug discovery, and disease modeling. While this forced genetic expression represents an advantage, there will always be an issue with genomic instability and transient pluripotency genes reactivation that might preclude their clinical application. During the reprogramming process, a somatic cell must undergo several epigenetic modifications to induce groups of genes capable of reactivating the endogenous pluripotency core.

LipF increases rifampicin and streptomycin sensitivity in a Mycobacterium tuberculosis surrogate.

Background: Mortality due to tuberculosis (TB) has increased due to the development of drug resistance, the mechanisms of which have not been fully elucidated. Our research group identified a low expression of lipF gene in Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates with drug resistance. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of lipase F (LipF) expression on mycobacterial drug resistance.

Role of and Genes in Drug-Resistant .

Tuberculosis drug resistance (DR) is a global problem that is not fully elucidated. Previously, overexpression of and genes was reported in a multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolate compared with a reference H37Rv strain. To evaluate the roles of and in DR, analysis of their regulatory and coding sequences in sensitive and resistant strains was performed, and the expression levels of their transcriptional regulators IdeR, Zur, and MntR were evaluated.