Factors associated with adverse outcomes among patients hospitalized at a COVID-19 treatment center in Herat, Afghanistan.

Though many studies on COVID have been published to date, data on COVID-19 epidemiology, symptoms, risk factors and severity in low- and middle-income countries (LMICS), such as Afghanistan are sparse. To describe clinical characteristics, severity, and outcomes of patients hospitalized in the MSF COVID-19 treatment center (CTC) in Herat, Afghanistan and to assess risk factors associated with severe outcomes. 1113 patients were included in this observational study between June 2020 and April 2022.

The impact of disease-modifying therapies on immunoglobulin blood levels in patients with multiple sclerosis: a retrospective cross-sectional study.

Background: Although disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in multiple sclerosis (MS) are known to target the immune system, mechanisms of action, efficacy, safety, and tolerability profiles differ. The long-term impact of DMTs on the immune system and its relation to infectious complications is still poorly understood.

Objectives: To analyze the effect of DMTs on serum immunoglobulin (Ig) levels under consideration of patient demographics and therapy duration.

Does the presence of a specialist doctor reduce the burden of disease in people with epilepsy in low-resource settings? A comparison of two epilepsy clinics in rural Tanzania.

Background: With an estimated lifetime prevalence of epilepsy of 7.6 per 1,000 people, epilepsy represents one of the most common neurological disorders worldwide, with the majority of people with epilepsy (PWE) living in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Adequately treated, up to 70 % of PWE will become seizure-free, however, as many as 85% of PWE worldwide, mostly from LMICs, do not receive adequate treatment.

Genetic determinants of the humoral immune response in MS.

Objective: In this observational study, we investigated the impact of genetic factors at the immunoglobulin heavy chain constant locus on chromosome 14 and the major histocompatibility complex region on intrathecal immunoglobulin G, A, and M levels as well as on B cells and plasmablasts in the CSF and blood of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods: Using regression analyses, we tested genetic variants on chromosome 14 and imputed human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles for associations with intrathecal immunoglobulins in 1,279 patients with MS or clinically isolated syndrome and with blood and CSF B cells and plasmablasts in 301 and 348 patients, respectively.

Results: The minor alleles of variants on chromosome 14 were associated with higher intrathecal immunoglobulin G levels (β = 0.

CSF parameters associated with early MRI activity in patients with MS.

Objective: To identify CSF parameters at diagnosis of clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and MS that are associated with early inflammatory disease activity as measured by standardized cerebral MRI (cMRI).

Methods: One hundred forty-nine patients with newly diagnosed CIS and MS were included in the retrospective study. cMRI at onset and after 12 months was analyzed for T2 and gadolinium-enhancing lesions.

[The "tug of war" in healthcare: psychologists' conception and practice concerning Matrix-Based Support in the Center for Family Health Support].

The current study analyzed the conception and practice of matrix-based support among psychologists working at the Center for Family Health Support (NASF in Portuguese) in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. A qualitative methodology was used with semi-structured interviews that were taped, transcribed, and submitted to thematic content analysis. The study revealed dilemmas between the work as prescribed and what is possible to achieve in practice, and between idealization of the collaborative proposal and its implementation.

Use of dermoscopy in the diagnosis of temporal triangular alopecia.

Temporal triangular alopecia, also referred as congenital triangular alopecia, is an uncommon dermatosis of unknown etiology. It is characterized by a non-scarring, circumscribed alopecia often located unilaterally in the frontotemporal region. It usually emerges at ages 2-9 years.

Lobomycosis: epidemiology, clinical presentation, and management options.

Lobomycosis is a subcutaneous mycosis of chronic evolution caused by the Lacazia loboi fungus. Its distribution is almost exclusive in the Americas, and it has a particularly high prevalence in the Amazon basin. Cases of lobomycosis have been reported only in dolphins and humans.