Drug-Drug Interactions and the Risk of Emergency Hospitalizations: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.

Background: Several studies suggest a significant risk of hospitalization because of drug-drug interactions in the general population. However, to our knowledge, this risk has never been measured precisely in a large population.

Objective: We aimed to estimate the risk of emergency hospitalization associated with exposure to the contraindicated concomitant use of interacting drugs in the general population.

Antidopaminergic antiemetics and trauma-related hospitalization: A population-based self-controlled case series study.

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of trauma associated with the use of antidopaminergic antiemetics in a real-world setting.

Methods: A self-controlled case series analysis was performed using the EGB database, the representative sample of the French national healthcare insurance system database. All subjects aged 18 years and over who presented with at least 1 trauma-related hospitalization and 1 supply for domperidone, metoclopramide or metopimazine between 2009 and 2014 were included in the study.

Impact of pioglitazone regulatory withdrawal on antidiabetic drug use and health in diabetic patients.

Purpose: In 2011, pioglitazone was withdrawn from the French market owing to a potential risk of bladder cancer. This study aimed at assessing the impact of this pioglitazone withdrawal (PW) considering (i) trends in antidiabetic uses and (ii) changes in hospitalization/death rates in diabetic patients following PW.

Methods: We first considered the general population of the Echantillon Généraliste des Bénéficiaires (EGB), a 1/97th representative sample of the French healthcare insurance system beneficiaries, for the 2010-2014 period.

Repeated Cycles of Recombinant Human Interleukin 7 in HIV-Infected Patients With Low CD4 T-Cell Reconstitution on Antiretroviral Therapy: Results of 2 Phase II Multicenter Studies.

Background: Phase I/II studies in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy have shown that a single cycle of 3 weekly subcutaneous (s/c) injections of recombinant human interleukin 7 (r-hIL-7) is safe and improves immune CD4 T-cell restoration. Herein, we report data from 2 phase II trials evaluating the effect of repeated cycles of r-hIL-7 (20 µg/kg) with the objective of restoring a sustained CD4 T-cell count >500 cells/µL.

Methods: INSPIRE 2 was a single-arm trial conducted in the United States and Canada.

Quantifying and predicting the effect of exogenous interleukin-7 on CD4+ T cells in HIV-1 infection.

Exogenous Interleukin-7 (IL-7), in supplement to antiretroviral therapy, leads to a substantial increase of all CD4+ T cell subsets in HIV-1 infected patients. However, the quantitative contribution of the several potential mechanisms of action of IL-7 is unknown. We have performed a mathematical analysis of repeated measurements of total and naive CD4+ T cells and their Ki67 expression from HIV-1 infected patients involved in three phase I/II studies (N = 53 patients).

Reduced placental telomere length during pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth restriction.

Objectives: Recent studies have shown that telomere length was significantly reduced in placentas collected at delivery from pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth restriction secondary to placental insufficiency. Placental telomere length measurement during ongoing pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth restriction has never been reported. This was the main objective of our study.