IL-10 and Cdc42 modulate astrocyte-mediated microglia activation in methamphetamine-induced neuroinflammation.

Methamphetamine (Meth) use is known to induce complex neuroinflammatory responses, particularly involving astrocytes and microglia. Building upon our previous research, which demonstrated that Meth stimulates astrocytes to release tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and glutamate, leading to microglial activation, this study investigates the role of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) in this process. Our findings reveal that the presence of recombinant IL-10 (rIL-10) counteracts Meth-induced excessive glutamate release in astrocyte cultures, which significantly reduces microglial activation.

Multimodal wearable EEG, EMG and accelerometry measurements improve the accuracy of tonic-clonic seizure detection.

. This paper aims to investigate the possibility of detecting tonic-clonic seizures (TCSs) with behind-the-ear, two-channel wearable electroencephalography (EEG), and to evaluate its added value to non-EEG modalities in TCS detection..

Real Spinal Cord Injury Without Radiographic Abnormality (SCIWORA) in Pediatrics: A Clinical Case Report and Literature Review.

Spinal cord injury without radiological abnormality (SCIWORA) was first reported in 1974. The term was used to define "clinical symptoms of traumatic myelopathy without signs of fracture or spine instability on X-ray or CT scan." With the emergence of MRI, the gold standard method to identify spinal cord injuries, about two-thirds of former SCIWORA cases were found to have pathological findings, and, as such, the term has taken on an ambiguous meaning in the literature.

Surviving critical COVID-19: How functionality, physical, mental and cognitive outcomes evolve?

Purpose: To analyze the long-term consequences of critical COVID-19, regarding physical, mental, cognitive and functional impairments, and to describe its evolution through time.

Methods: Prospective cohort study, with consecutive inclusion of patients admitted due to SARS-CoV-2 to intensive care units(ICU) of a tertiary-care center, between May/2020 and September/2021. All included patients were included in Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine(PRM) inpatient programs during ICU stay.

The PRINCOVID Retrospective Study: A Predictive Model of Pressure Injuries for Critical COVID-19 Patients.

Objective: The aim of the study is to characterize pressure injuries, identify risk factors, and develop a predictive model for pressure injuries at intensive care unit admission for critical COVID-19 patients.

Design: This study was a retrospective analysis of a consecutive sample of patients admitted to intensive care unit between May 2020 and September 2021. Inclusion criteria encompassed the diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome due to SARS-CoV-2, requiring invasive mechanical ventilation more than 48 hrs.

Critical COVID-19 and neurological dysfunction - a direct comparative analysis between SARS-CoV-2 and other infectious pathogens.

Objective: To evaluate whether critical SARS-CoV-2 infection is more frequently associated with signs of corticospinal tract dysfunction and other neurological signs, symptoms, and syndromes, than other infectious pathogens.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study with consecutive inclusion of patients admitted to intensive care units due to primary infectious acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring invasive mechanical ventilation > 48 hours. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to three investigators for clinical evaluation, which encompassed the examination of signs of corticospinal tract dysfunction.

Brain functional connectivity mirrors genetic pleiotropy in psychiatric conditions.

Pleiotropy occurs when a genetic variant influences more than one trait. This is a key property of the genomic architecture of psychiatric disorders and has been observed for rare and common genomic variants. It is reasonable to hypothesize that the microscale genetic overlap (pleiotropy) across psychiatric conditions and cognitive traits may lead to similar overlaps at the macroscale brain level such as large-scale brain functional networks.

What is the impact of previous cerebrovascular disease on critical COVID-19 patients' mortality? A prospective cohort study.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the effect of previous cerebrovascular disease (CVD) on mortality rates of critically ill COVID-19 patients.

Materials & Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed between May/2020 and May/2021, at a tertiary-care-center. We consecutively included adult patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU) having as primary diagnosis Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome due to SARS-CoV-2, requiring invasive mechanical ventilation for >48 h.

Aneurysmal Bone Cyst Presenting as Fragility Fracture: A Case Report Focused on the Rehabilitation Approach.

Aneurysmal bone cysts are rare lesions, comprising one to six percent of primary bone tumors. Despite benign, those may be locally aggressive. We report a pediatric case with an atypical presentation.

Complex regional pain syndrome after severe COVID-19 - A case report.

Neurological complications are frequently reported in an intensive care unit (ICU), as a manifestation of a critical systemic illness or of its treatment. On the specific setting of COVID-19 patients, peripheral nerve lesions can have a multiplicity of causes, such as post-infectious neuropathy, positioning-related neuropathy or iatrogeny. An unusual but potentially disabling complication of any peripheral nerve lesion is Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS).

A Rare Case of Pulmonary-Renal Syndrome With Triple-Seropositive for Myeloperoxidase-Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasm Antibody (MPO-ANCA), Proteinase 3 (PR3)-ANCA and Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane (GBM) Antibodies.

Anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease and anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis are the main causes of pulmonary-renal syndrome (PRS). The concurrence of both ANCA - myeloperoxidase (MPO) and proteinase 3 (PR3) - and anti-GBM antibodies has been described, although positivity for all three antibodies has rarely been reported. The natural history of triple-positive patients as well as the best therapeutic approach remains unknown.

Astrocyte-derived TNF and glutamate critically modulate microglia activation by methamphetamine.

Methamphetamine (Meth) is a powerful illicit psychostimulant, widely used for recreational purposes. Besides disrupting the monoaminergic system and promoting oxidative brain damage, Meth also causes neuroinflammation, contributing to synaptic dysfunction and behavioral deficits. Aberrant activation of microglia, the largest myeloid cell population in the brain, is a common feature in neurological disorders triggered by neuroinflammation.

RNAi efficacy is enhanced by chronic dsRNA feeding in pollen beetle.

Double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) represent a promising class of biosafe insecticidal compounds. We examined the ability to induce RNA interference (RNAi) in the pollen beetle Brassicogethes aeneus via anther feeding, and compared short-term (3 d) to chronic (17 d) feeding of various concentrations of dsRNA targeting αCOP (dsαCOP). In short-term dsαCOP feeding, only the highest concentration resulted in significant reductions in B.

First Evidence of Bud Feeding-Induced RNAi in a Crop Pest via Exogenous Application of dsRNA.

Spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS) is a potential strategy for agricultural pest management, whereby nucleotide sequence-specific double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) can be sprayed onto a crop; the desired effect being a consumption of dsRNA by the target pest, and subsequent gene silencing-induced mortality. Nucleotide sequence-specificity is the basis for dsRNA's perceived biosafety. A biosafe approach to pollen beetle () management in oilseed rape () agroecosystems is needed.

Respiratory Care for the Ventilated Neonate.

Invasive ventilation is often necessary for the treatment of newborn infants with respiratory insufficiency. The neonatal patient has unique physiological characteristics such as small airway caliber, few collateral airways, compliant chest wall, poor airway stability, and low functional residual capacity. Pathologies affecting the newborn's lung are also different from many others observed later in life.

Gliosarcoma with neuroaxis metastases.

Gliosarcomas are rare tumours of the central nervous system, with a well-known capacity for metastasis. When they metastasise, the dissemination occurs more frequently via the haematogenous route to extraneural sites. Metastasis-spread through the cerebrospinal fluid is extremely rare.

[Bone Fractures in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit].

Introduction: Fractures during the neonatal period are rare. Some fractures, especially long bones, may occur during birth. Moreover, neonates hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit have an increased risk of fractures for several reasons.

[Diversification in the first year of food life].

Introduction: Diversifying food during the first year of life is an extremely important step for the adequate nutritional status of infants and their physical and psychological development, functioning as a means of transition from lactation to feed the family. Despite the introduction of food diversification is a necessary step for human development, some issues still exist today, not only for the initiation but also in relation to the proper sequence for the various types of food, causing different perspectives and ways of acting on part of clinicians.

Objectives: To determine the best time for the start of food diversification and the best time to introduce certain foods.

[Breastfeeding: the importance of intervening].

Background: Breast milk is considered by the WHO the ideal food for the first months of life. Although health professionals are aware of recommendations, high rates of drop-outs have been identified in Portugal. A false notion of hypogalactia is the major factor for early termination, which is allied to the technical difficulties of the feeding.

[Bladder stones in acute spinal cord injury].

Urologic complications are an important cause of morbidity and even mortality in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). It has been estimated that within eight years after injury, approximately 7% of SCI patients would develop kidney stones, whereas 36% would have bladder stones. Risk factors for urolithiasis among patients with SCI include complete spinal cord injury, lesions at or above the 4th thoracic spinal cord segment, upper motor neurone type of bladder, urinary tract infection with urease producing bacteria, recurrent urinary tract infection, indwelling catheters, presence of residual urine and immobilization.

Pituitary adenoma with tumoral granulomatous reaction.

Herein, we report a unique case of an adult male with a corticotrophic pituitary adenoma of silent subtype 1 exhibiting conspicuous idiopathic tumoral noncaseating granulomatous inflammation. The lesion was unassociated with clinical or laboratory evidence of either systemic sarcoidosis or infection. Histochemical and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies revealed neither fungi nor tubercle bacilli.