Use of Eye Tracking as an Innovative Instructional Method in Surgical Human Anatomy.

Objective: Tobii glasses can record corneal infrared light reflection to track pupil position and to map gaze focusing in the video recording. Eye tracking has been proposed for use in training and coaching as a visually guided control interface. The aim of our study was to test the potential use of these glasses in various situations: explanations of anatomical structures on tablet-type electronic devices, explanations of anatomical models and dissected cadavers, and during the prosection thereof.

The Manchester-Fothergill and the Elevate Posterior technique for the correction of a cervical elongation and large enterocele in a patient with bladder exstrophy and multiple surgeries.

Introduction And Hypothesis: A 60-year-old woman presented with congenital bladder exstrophy, urinary incontinence since birth, and pelvic organ prolapse since the menopause at the age of 46 years.

Methods: The patient (gravida 2, para 2 by cesarean sections and tubal ligation) described an extensive past surgical history that included epispadias and neourethral procedures, anti-reflux surgery using the Lich-Grégoir technique, bilateral ureterosigmoidostomy achieving continence, uterine fixation after the Doléris operation, and neovaginal reconstruction. The physical examination revealed a fourth-degree enterocele with cervical elongation (POP-Q: Aa-2, Ba-2, C + 3, D + 4, gh:5, pb:2.