Comparison of IncK- Plasmids in Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant Isolated from Poultry and Humans in Denmark, Finland, and Germany.

carrying IncK- plasmids mediating resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) has been frequently described in food-producing animals and in humans. This study aimed to characterize IncK--positive ESC-resistant isolates from poultry production systems in Denmark, Finland, and Germany, as well as from Danish human blood infections, and further compare their plasmids. Whole-genome sequencing (Illumina) of all isolates ( = 46) confirmed the presence of the gene.

Genome-wide identification of fitness-genes in aminoglycoside-resistant Escherichia coli during antibiotic stress.

Resistance against aminoglycosides is widespread in bacteria. This study aimed to identify genes that are important for growth of E. coli during aminoglycoside exposure, since such genes may be targeted to re-sensitize resistant E.

Enhancing the Efficacy of Chloramphenicol Therapy for by Targeting the Secondary Resistome.

The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and the limited availability of new antimicrobial agents have created an urgent need for new approaches to combat these issues. One such approach involves reevaluating the use of old antibiotics to ensure their appropriate usage and maximize their effectiveness, as older antibiotics could help alleviate the burden on newer agents. An example of such an antibiotic is chloramphenicol (CHL), which is rarely used due to its hematological toxicity.

Effect of feeding dairy calves with milk fermented with selected probiotic strains on occurrence of diarrhoea, carriage of pathogenic and zoonotic microorganisms and growth performance.

Calf-diarrhoea is a major health problem in dairy calves and a primary reason for use of antimicrobials. We aimed to investigate the effect of feeding milk fermented with a combination of four probiotic bacterial strains to young-calves on; occurrence of diarrhoea and associated-pathogens (bacteria, virus and parasites), shedding of Salmonella Dublin and Campylobacter, occurrence of virulence genes linked to Clostridium perfringens, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC), as well as growth performance.

Incidence and Genomic Background of Antibiotic Resistance in Food-Borne and Clinical Isolates of Serovar Derby from Spain.

serovar Derby (. Derby) ranks fifth among nontyphoidal serovars causing human infections in the European Union. .

Uncovering the Important Genetic Factors for Growth during Cefotaxime-Gentamicin Combination Treatment in Encoding .

Due to the rapid spread of CTX-M type ESBLs, the rate of resistance to third-generation cephalosporin has increased among Gram-negative bacteria, especially in , and there is a need to find ways to re-sensitize ESBL to cephalosporin treatment. A previous study showed that genes involved in protein synthesis were significantly up-regulated in the presence of subinhibitory concentration of cefotaxime (CTX) in a CTX-M-1-producing . In this study, the interaction between CTX and gentamicin (GEN), targeting protein synthesis, was evaluated in MG1655/pTF2, and the MIC of CTX was strongly reduced (128-fold) in the presence of this combnation therapy.

Genomics, biofilm formation and infection of bladder epithelial cells in potentially uropathogenic (UPEC) from animal sources and human urinary tract infections (UTIs) further support food-borne transmission.

is the main cause of urinary tract infections (UTI). While genomic comparison of specific clones recovered from animals, and human extraintestinal infections show high identity, studies demonstrating the uropathogenicity are lacking. In this study, comparative genomics combined with bladder-cell and biofilm formation assays, were performed for 31 of different origins: 7 from meat (poultry, beef, and pork); 2 from avian-farm environment; 12 from human uncomplicated UTI, uUTI; and 10 from human complicated UTI, cUTI.

Genome-wide analysis of fitness factors in uropathogenic Escherichia coli in a pig urinary tract infection model.

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the primary cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in animals and humans. We applied Transposon-Directed Insertion Site sequencing (TraDIS) to determine the fitness genes in two well-characterized UPEC strains, UTI89 and CFT073, in order to identify fitness factors during UTI in a pig model. This novel animal model better reflects the course of UTI in humans than the commonly used mouse model, and facilitates the differentiation between sessile and planktonic UPEC populations.

Proteomes of Uropathogenic Growing in Human Urine and in J82 Urinary Bladder Cells.

Uropathogenic (UPEC) are the most common cause of urinary tract infection (UTI). UPEC normally reside in the intestine, and during establishment of UTI, they undergo metabolic adaptations, first to urine and then upon tissue invasion to the bladder cell interior. To understand these adaptations, we used quantitative proteomic profiling to characterize protein expression of the UPEC strain UTI89 growing in human urine and when inside J82 bladder cells.

"Omics" Technologies - What Have They Told Us About Uropathogenic Fitness and Virulence During Urinary Tract Infection?

Uropathogenic (UPEC) is the main etiological agent of urinary tract infection (UTI), a widespread infectious disease of great impact on human health. This is further emphasized by the rapidly increase in antimicrobial resistance in UPEC, which compromises UTI treatment. UPEC biology is highly complex since uropathogens must adopt extracellular and intracellular lifestyles and adapt to different niches in the host.

Genome-wide analysis of fitness-factors in uropathogenic during growth in laboratory media and during urinary tract infections.

Uropathogenic (UPEC) UTI89 is a well-characterized strain, which has mainly been used to study UPEC virulence during urinary tract infection (UTI). However, little is known on UTI89 key fitness-factors during growth in lab media and during UTI. Here, we used a transposon-insertion-sequencing approach (TraDIS) to reveal the UTI89 essential-genes for growth and fitness-gene-sets for growth in Luria broth (LB) and EZ-MOPS medium without glucose, as well as for human bacteriuria and mouse cystitis.

Co-occurrence of antimicrobial and metal resistance genes in pig feces and agricultural fields fertilized with slurry.

Antimicrobial resistance constitutes a global challenge to public health. The common addition of Zn, Cu and other metals to animal feed and the widespread presence of metal ions in livestock and their receiving environments may be a factor that facilitates the proliferation of antimicrobial resistance via co-selection of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and metal resistance genes (MRGs). However, the extent of co-selection is not yet fully understood.

The Effect of Colistin Treatment on the Selection of Colistin-Resistant in Weaner Pigs.

The treatment of diarrhea in the postweaning period is a common reason for the use of antimicrobials in pig production, and is the single most important causative agent for this condition. Colistin has recently been classified as a critically important antimicrobial for human health, as it is a last-resort drug against certain multi-drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, the use of colistin has been significantly reduced in some countries, including Denmark.

High prevalence of mcr-1-encoded colistin resistance in commensal Escherichia coli from broiler chicken in Bangladesh.

Colistin is a last-resort antimicrobial used for the treatment of human infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. However, colistin is still widely used in intensive poultry production in Bangladesh. We aimed to investigate the dynamics and genetic diversity of colistin-resistant commensal Escherichia coli from broiler chickens.

F4- and F18-Positive Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Isolates from Diarrhea of Postweaning Pigs: Genomic Characterization.

This study aimed to characterize enterotoxigenic F4- and F18-positive isolates ( = 90) causing swine postweaning diarrhea, including pathogenic potential, phylogenetic relationship, antimicrobial and biocide resistance, prophage content, and metal tolerance rates. F4 strains belonged mostly to the O149 and O6 serogroups and ST100 and ST48 sequence types (STs). F18 strains were mainly assigned to the O8 and O147 serogroups and ST10, ST23, and ST42.

Influence of zinc on CTX-M-1 β-lactamase expression in Escherichia coli.

Objective: Zinc oxide is used to prevent post-weaning diarrhoea in pigs as an alternative to antimicrobial growth promoters. This study aims to determine if the use of zinc oxide selects for extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and affects the expression of bla in E. coli.

A Plasmid-Encoded FetMP-Fls Iron Uptake System Confers Selective Advantages to Serovar Typhimurium in Growth under Iron-Restricted Conditions and for Infection of Mammalian Host Cells.

The resistance plasmid pUO-StVR2, derived from virulence plasmid pSLT, is widespread in clinical isolates of serovar Typhimurium recovered in Spain and other European countries. pUO-StVR2 carries several genes encoding a FetMP-Fls system, which could be involved in iron uptake. We therefore analyzed .

Association of the prophage BTP1 and the prophage-encoded gene, bstA, with antivirulence of Salmonella Typhimurium ST313.

The prophage BTP1 is highly conserved among strains of the pathogenic lineage Salmonella Typhimurium ST313. We aimed to analyze the role of BTP1 and the gene bstA(BTP1-encoded) in virulence of S. Typhimurium D23580, the ST313 lineage 2 reference strain.

Dynamics and Outcome of Macrophage Interaction Between Gallinarum, Typhimurium, and Dublin and Macrophages From Chicken and Cattle.

Gallinarum only infects avian species, where it causes a severe systemic infection in birds of all ages. It is generally accepted that interaction with phagocytic cells plays an important role in the development of systemic, host-specific infections. The current study detailed the interaction of .

Infectious potential of human derived uropathogenic Escherichia coli UTI89 in the reproductive tract of laying hens.

Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) and human uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) harbour common virulence factors in spite of being associated with disease in different hosts.

Interaction Differences of the Avian Host-Specific Salmonella enterica Serovar Gallinarum, the Host-Generalist . Typhimurium, and the Cattle Host-Adapted . Dublin with Chicken Primary Macrophage.

Most serovars cause disease in many host species, while a few serovars have evolved to be host specific. Very little is known about the mechanisms that contribute to host specificity. We compared the interactions between chicken primary macrophages (CDPM) and host-generalist serovar serovar Typhimurium, host-adapted serovar Dublin, and avian host-specific serovar Gallinarum.

Putrescine biosynthesis and export genes are essential for normal growth of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli.

Background: Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is the infectious agent of a wide variety of avian diseases, which causes substantial economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. Polyamines contribute to the optimal synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins in bacteria. The objectives of this study were to investigate; i) whether APEC E.

The impact of inactivation of the purine biosynthesis genes, purN and purT, on growth and virulence in uropathogenic E. coli.

De novo synthesis of purines has been suggested to be an important factor for the pathogenesis of uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC). We analyzed the role of the redundant purine biosynthesis genes purN and purT, responsible for the third step in the purine biosynthesis, during UPEC infection.

The Use of a Combined Bioinformatics Approach to Locate Antibiotic Resistance Genes on Plasmids From Whole Genome Sequences of Serovars From Humans in Ghana.

In the current study, we identified plasmids carrying antimicrobial resistance genes in draft whole genome sequences of 16 selected isolates representing six different serovars from humans in Ghana. The plasmids and the location of resistance genes in the genomes were predicted using a combination of PlasmidFinder, ResFinder, plasmidSPAdes and BLAST genomic analysis tools. Subsequently, S1-PFGE was employed for analysis of plasmid profiles.

The membrane transporter PotE is required for virulence in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC).

Over the last few years, polyamines have been described as key-signal of virulence in pathogenic bacteria. In the current study, we investigated whether the knockout of genes related to polyamine biosynthesis and putrescine transport affected the virulence of an avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) strain.