Evaluating causal associations of chronotype with pregnancy and perinatal outcomes and its interactions with insomnia and sleep duration: a mendelian randomization study.

Background: Observational studies suggested chronotype was associated with pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. Whether these associations are causal is unclear. Our aims are to use Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore (1) associations of evening preference with stillbirth, miscarriage, gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, perinatal depression, preterm birth and offspring birthweight; and (2) differences in associations of insomnia and sleep duration with those outcomes between chronotype preferences.

Examining associations of air pollution and green space with depressive symptoms in adults: A LongITools cross-cohort analysis.

Objectives: Evidence suggests that high levels of air pollution and less green space increase depressive symptoms in adults. However, results are mixed and cross-cohort comparisons are scarce, largely due to heterogeneity in exposure assessment. Also, the impact of these exposures on the trajectory of depressive symptoms over time has been less studied.

Evaluation and comparison of nine growth and development-based measures of pubertal timing.

Background: Pubertal timing is heritable, varies between individuals, and has implications for life-course health. There are many different indicators of pubertal timing, and how they relate to each other is unclear. Our aim was to quantitatively compare nine indicators of pubertal timing.

Social inequalities in pregnancy metabolic profile: findings from the multi-ethnic Born in Bradford cohort study.

Background: Lower socioeconomic position (SEP) associates with adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes and with less favourable metabolic profile in nonpregnant adults. Socioeconomic differences in pregnancy metabolic profile are unknown. We investigated association between a composite measure of SEP and pregnancy metabolic profile in White European (WE) and South Asian (SA) women.

Integrating multiple lines of evidence to assess the effects of maternal BMI on pregnancy and perinatal outcomes.

Background: Higher maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) is associated with adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. However, whether these associations are causal remains unclear.

Methods: We explored the relation of maternal pre-/early-pregnancy BMI with 20 pregnancy and perinatal outcomes by integrating evidence from three different approaches (i.

Evaluating causal associations of chronotype with pregnancy and perinatal outcomes and its interactions with insomnia and sleep duration: a Mendelian randomization study.

Importance: Observational studies suggest that chronotype is associated with pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. Whether these associations are causal is unclear.

Objective: To explore associations of a lifetime genetic predisposition to an evening preference chronotype with pregnancy and perinatal outcomes, and explore differences in associations of insomnia and sleep duration with those outcomes between chronotype.

Investigating effect modification between childhood maltreatment and genetic risk for cardiovascular disease in the UK Biobank.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Childhood maltreatment is associated with CVD and may modify genetic susceptibility to cardiovascular risk factors. We used genetic and phenotypic data from 100,833 White British UK Biobank participants (57% female; mean age = 55.

Mediators of the association between childhood body mass index and educational attainment: Analysis of a UK prospective cohort study.

Background: Higher body mass index (BMI) in childhood is associated with lower academic achievement.

Objective: To explore potential pathways linking childhood BMI with educational attainment.

Methods: Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children prospective cohort study (N = 6949), we assessed the association between BMI z-scores at 11.

Weekend effect of air pollutants in small and medium-sized cities: The role of policies stringency to COVID-19 containment.

Although the pattern of air pollutants has been extensively studied during the COVID-19 pandemic, the weekend effect has been rarely investigated. In order to understand the impact of policies stringency as well as the interruption-recovery pattern, the aim of the study was to investigate the levels of air pollutants (O, NO, SO, PM, PM) and PM/PM ratio before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in four cities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, evaluating the weekend effect at these two scenarios and also identifying how the restriction measures applied locally had an impact on this effect. For this, daily data from two years of monitoring of air pollutants were collected and the weekend effect was calculated based on the levels from Monday to Friday (weekday) and Saturday and Sunday (weekend).

Changes in women's physical function in mid-life by reproductive age and hormones: a longitudinal study.

Background: Whether women's physical function in mid-life is related to their reproductive age is not known. The objectives of this study were to examine and compare changes in physical function in women by reproductive age, measured as time since final menstrual period (FMP), and chronological age, and to explore associations with repeatedly assessed levels of reproductive hormones.

Methods: We used data from 2319 UK women with up to three repeated measurements of physical function (median length of follow up: 2 years), focusing on changes occurring in women experiencing a natural menopausal transition.

Investigating causal relations between sleep duration and risks of adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes: linear and nonlinear Mendelian randomization analyses.

Background: Observational studies have reported maternal short/long sleep duration to be associated with adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. However, it remains unclear whether there are nonlinear causal effects. Our aim was to use Mendelian randomization (MR) and multivariable regression to examine nonlinear effects of sleep duration on stillbirth (MR only), miscarriage (MR only), gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, perinatal depression, preterm birth and low/high offspring birthweight.

Cardiovascular health in the menopause transition: a longitudinal study of up to 3892 women with up to four repeated measures of risk factors.

Background: Women experience adverse changes in cardiovascular health in mid-life; whether the menopausal transition influences these remains strongly debated. The aim of this study was to examine associations of reproductive age (time since final menstrual period (FMP)) with change in carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) and cardiovascular risk factors and determine the role of chronological and reproductive age.

Methods: We used data from 1702 women from a pregnancy-based UK cohort who had up to four repeat cardiovascular health measures between mean age 51 (SD = 4.

Genome-wide association study meta-analysis identifies three novel loci for circulating anti-Müllerian hormone levels in women.

Study Question: Can additional genetic variants for circulating anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels be identified through a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis including a large sample of premenopausal women?

Summary Answer: We identified four loci associated with AMH levels at P < 5 × 10-8: the previously reported MCM8 locus and three novel signals in or near AMH, TEX41 and CDCA7.

What Is Known Already: AMH is expressed by antral stage ovarian follicles in women, and variation in age-specific circulating AMH levels has been associated with disease outcomes. However, the physiological mechanisms underlying these AMH-disease associations are largely unknown.

LongITools: Dynamic longitudinal exposome trajectories in cardiovascular and metabolic noncommunicable diseases.

The current epidemics of cardiovascular and metabolic noncommunicable diseases have emerged alongside dramatic modifications in lifestyle and living environments. These correspond to changes in our "modern" postwar societies globally characterized by rural-to-urban migration, modernization of agricultural practices, and transportation, climate change, and aging. Evidence suggests that these changes are related to each other, although the social and biological mechanisms as well as their interactions have yet to be uncovered.

Abuse in Childhood and Cardiometabolic Health in Early Adulthood: Evidence From the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.

Background Although childhood abuse has been consistently associated with cardiovascular disease in later adulthood, its associations with cardiometabolic health in younger adults are poorly understood. We assessed associations between childhood physical, sexual, and psychological abuse and cardiometabolic outcomes at 18 and 25 years. Methods and Results We used data on 3223 participants of the ALSPAC (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children).

Do inflammation and adiposity mediate the association of diet quality with depression and anxiety in young adults?

Background & Aims: Diet quality has been inversely associated with depression, but less is known about its association with anxiety and about the mechanisms involved in the association between diet and mental health. This study aimed to assess the associations of diet quality with major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in young adults, and to explore whether inflammation, indexed by interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP), and body mass index (BMI) mediate this association.

Methods: We used data of 3331 participants from the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort (Brazil).

Longitudinal changes in reproductive hormones through the menopause transition in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC).

We characterised changes in reproductive hormones-LH, FSH, SHBG and AMH-by chronological age and time around the menopause (reproductive age) in mid-life women and explored their associations with lifestyle and reproductive factors. We used data from 1608 women from a UK cohort who had repeat hormone measures and experienced a natural menopause. Multilevel models were used to assess: (i) changes in hormones (outcomes) by reproductive age and chronological age (these age variables being the key exposures) and (ii) associations of body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol intake, parity and age at menarche with changes in hormones by reproductive age.

Purple pitanga fruit (Eugenia uniflora L.) protects against oxidative stress and increase the lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans via the DAF-16/FOXO pathway.

Pitanga, a fruit of the pitangueira tree (Eugenia uniflora L.), is native to Brazil and has a high antioxidant capacity due to the elevated amount of anthocyanins. The present study aimed to investigate the chemical composition of the purple pitanga fruit and to evaluate its antioxidant effect in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.

Age of sexual initiation and depression in adolescents: Data from the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort.

Background: Studies have shown that sexual initiation at earlier ages increases the risk of depressive symptoms in adolescents. However, little is known about its association with major depressive episode (MDE).

Methods: The association between age of sexual initiation and MDE at 18 years was assessed in the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort using multiple logistic regression.