Textural improvement of pea protein-based high-moisture extrudates with corn zein and rice starch.

High moisture extrusion allows the production of plant protein-based products, including meat analogues. Building upon our previous findings showing that zein mixed with rice starch provides the necessary textural properties to formulations, different pea protein-based formulations with varying amounts of zein and rice starch or wheat gluten (as control) were produced using high moisture extrusion and the rheological, textural, and microstructural characteristics were evaluated and associated with the secondary structure of proteins. Samples containing wheat gluten presented desirable rheological and mechanical properties in terms of texturization, which was evidenced by the generation of a layered and three-dimensional viscoelastic network.

Neuroprotective and antioxidant effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in an experimental model of multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease, whose etiology is not yet fully understood, although there are several factors that can increase the chances of suffering from it. These factors include nutrition, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. In relation to nutrition, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA), has emerged as an important player in the regulation of neuroinflammation, being considered a pleiotropic molecule.

Effect of the Combination of Different Therapies on Oxidative Stress in the Experimental Model of Multiple Sclerosis.

Oxidative stress is heavily involved in several pathological features of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), such as myelin destruction, axonal degeneration, and inflammation. Different therapies have been shown to reduce the oxidative stress that occurs in the animal model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Some of these therapies are transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and S-allyl cysteine (SAC).

Mucinous appendix intussusception: Case report.

Introduction And Importance: Intussusception is an intestinal invagination of one bowel segment into another. It occurs mostly in children, but it can show in adults due to different etiologies. Appendiceal neoplasms are rare and can mimic an acute onset of appendicitis.

Sodium chloride-induced changes in oxidative stress, inflammation, and dysbiosis in experimental multiple sclerosis.

The high-salt diet (HSD) has been associated with cognitive dysfunction by attacking the cerebral microvasculature, through an adaptive response, initiated in the intestine and mediated by Th17 cells. In the animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), it has been described that NaCl causes an increase in T cell infiltration in the central nervous system. NaCl also promotes macrophage response and Th17 cell differentiation, worsening the course of the disease.

Lactose and Casein Cause Changes on Biomarkers of Oxidative Damage and Dysbiosis in an Experimental Model of Multiple Sclerosis.

Background And Objectives: Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) in rats closely reproduces Multiple Sclerosis (MS), a disease characterized by neuroinflammation and oxidative stress that also appears to extend to other organs and their compartments. The origin of MS is a matter for discussion, but it would seem that altering certain bacterial populations present in the gut may lead to a proinflammatory condition due to the bacterial Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in the so-called brain-gut axis. The casein and lactose in milk confer anti-inflammatory properties and immunomodulatory effects.

Clinical and Neurochemical Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) in Multiple Sclerosis: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a technique based on the principles of electromagnetic induction. It applies pulses of magnetic radiation that penetrate the brain tissue, and it is a non-invasive, painless, and practically innocuous procedure. Previous studies advocate the therapeutic capacity of TMS in several neurodegenerative and psychiatric processes, both in animal models and in human studies.

Microscopic Analysis of Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilization.

Lysosomes and lysosomal proteases have been found to participate during several forms of cell death pathways including apoptosis. A critical step in the mediation of apoptotic signaling is the release of cathepsins to the cytosol, a process known as lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP). In this chapter, we describe immunofluorescence detection of LMP in cell cultures stained for cathepsin B and LAMP-2 using three confocal techniques namely laser scanning, spinning disk, and aperture correlation spinning disk confocal to obtain images.

Natalizumab Modifies Catecholamines Levels Present in Patients with Relapsing- Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.

Aims: The main aim of this study was to verify the effect of natalizumab on the levels of circulating catecholamines and indolamine and their possible relation with MS.

Methods: For this purpose, 12 healthy individuals (control group) and 12 relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients (RR-MS) were selected. The patients were treated with 300 mg of natalizumab during 56 weeks (1 dose/4 weeks) (MS-56).

Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein and Oxidative Stress in a Multiple Sclerosis Model.

Recent findings in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) suggest that altering certain bacterial populations present in the gut may lead to a proinflammatory condition, that could result in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). Also, Reactive Oxygen Species seem to be involved in the course of MS. In this study, it has been aimed to relate all these variables starting from an analysis of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS-binding protein (LBP) with the determination of parameters related to oxidative stress in the blood, brain and spinal cord.

Comparative study of the effect of pharmaceutical additives on the elimination of antibiotic activity during the treatment of oxacillin in water by the photo-Fenton, TiO2-photocatalysis and electrochemical processes.

Synthetic pharmaceutical effluents loaded with the β-lactam antibiotic oxacillin were treated using advanced oxidation processes (the photo-Fenton system and TiO2 photocatalysis) and chloride mediated electrochemical oxidation (with Ti/IrO2 anodes). Combinations of the antibiotic with excipients (mannitol or tartaric acid), an active ingredient (calcium carbonate, i.e.

Effect of natalizumab on oxidative damage biomarkers in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

Background: Natalizumab is a monoclonal antibody used to treat multiple sclerosis. This study sought to determine whether the protective action of natalizumab involved a reduction in oxidative damage.

Methods: Twenty-two multiple sclerosis patients fulfilling the revised McDonald criteria were assigned to treatment with 300 mg natalizumab intravenously once monthly (infusion every 4 weeks) in accordance with Spanish guidelines.

Peripheral oxidative stress in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

Objectives: To evaluate levels of oxidative stress in blood samples in patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RR-MS).

Design And Methods: Peripheral blood samples were collected from 24 RR-MS patients and 15 healthy controls. Levels of the following were measured: carbonylated proteins, 8-hydroxy-2'deoxyguanosine (8OHdG), total glutathione, reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), GSH/GSSG ratio, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GRd), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), myeloperoxidase (MPO), antioxidant gap, total antioxidant capacity (PAO), global oxidative stress (GOS), serum vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) and serum inter-cellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1).

Functional cooperation between BiP and calreticulin in the folding maturation of a glycoprotein in Trypanosoma cruzi.

Proteins may adopt diverse conformations during their folding in vivo, ranging from extended chains when they emerge from the ribosome to compact intermediates near the end of the folding process. Accordingly, a variety of chaperones and folding assisting enzymes have evolved to deal with this diversity. Chaperone selection by a particular substrate depends on the structural features of its folding intermediates.

Degradation of the antibiotic oxolinic acid by photocatalysis with TiO2 in suspension.

In the work presented here, a photocatalytic system using titanium Degussa P-25 in suspension was used to evaluate the degradation of 20mg L(-1) of antibiotic oxolinic acid (OA). The effects of catalyst load (0.2-1.