Older Patients With Interstitial Lung Disease Feature a Distinct Clinical Profile.

Introduction: There are few studies investigating the clinical profile of older patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD), so this study investigated the characteristics of the older population diagnosed with ILD.

Material And Methods: Retrospective study in a population of new referrals at an ILD clinic from January 2013 to September 2017. Patients over 64 years were selected.

Understanding fruit and vegetable consumption among Uruguayan adults.

Although fruits and vegetables are an essential component of a healthy diet from sustainable food systems, their consumption remains below recommended levels worldwide. In this context, the aim of the present work was to explore factors influencing fruit and vegetable consumption among Uruguayan adults. A telephone survey with 505 adults, living in Montevideo and involved in food purchasing for the household, was conducted by a specialized company in May 2024.

Food additives associated with gut dysbiosis in processed and ultra-processed products commercialized in the Uruguayan market.

Recent empirical evidence suggests that gut dysbiosis is one of the negative health outcomes potentially associated with chronic consumption of some food additives. In this context, the present study aimed at analyzing the disclosure of food additives associated with gut dysbiosis in the labels of products commercialized in the Uruguayan market. A cross-sectional survey of packaged products commercialized in nine supermarkets was conducted between August and September 2021.

Parent Experiences With Warning Labels After Policy Implementation in Uruguay.

Objective: To explore the perception and experiences of parents of children and adolescents during the first year of the mandatory implementation of nutritional warning labels in Uruguay.

Design: Qualitative research based on semistructured interviews.

Setting: Montevideo, Uruguay.

Use of nutritional warning labels at the point of purchase: An exploratory study using self-reported measures and eye-tracking.

Nutritional warning labels are gaining relevance in the region of the Americas as a policy tool to reduce information asymmetry and encourage healthier food choices. However, empirical evidence about consumer experiences with warning labels after implementation is still scarce. In this context, the aim of the present work was to explore the use of nutritional warning labels after policy implementation in Uruguay, using a combination of eye-tracking and self-reported data.

Qualitative exploration of the reasons for not using nutritional warnings after policy implementation in Uruguay.

Nutritional warnings have gained popularity, particularly in the region of the Americas, to facilitate the identification of products with excessive content of nutrients associated with non-communicable diseases and encourage healthier food choices. Although warnings have been shown to be effective, an in-depth understanding of the reasons why some consumers do not use them is still lacking. The aim of the present work was to explore self-reported use of nutritional warnings and to identify the reasons for not considering nutritional warnings for making food purchase decisions after policy implementation in Uruguay.

Food donation as a strategy to reduce food waste in an emerging Latin American country: a case study in Uruguay.

Abstract: Food donation has expanded globally and has become a common form of food assistance in emerging countries. However, research on food donation experiences in these settings is still scarce.

Purpose: In this context, the objectives of the present work were as follows: (i) to explore the views of Uruguayan stakeholders on food donation as a strategy to reduce food waste, (ii) to identify barriers and enablers for food donation in Uruguay, and (iii) to explore the organizational characteristics of Uruguayan food banks.

Is long-term screening for lung cancer justified in patients with head and neck carcinoma?

Objective: Patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have a higher risk of second lung neoplasms than the general population. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the long-term incidence of second lung malignancies after the diagnosis of a HNSCC and to consider the convenience of the screening for lung cancer in these patients.

Material And Methods: We conducted a retrospective study performed on 4954 patients with an index tumor located in the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, or larynx during the period 1985-2017.

Health-related cues on the packages of processed and ultra-processed products: prevalence and policy implications.

The information included on food packages has a crucial role in influencing consumer product associations and purchase decisions. In particular, visual and textual cues on processed and ultra-processed products can convey health-related associations that influence consumer healthiness perception and purchase decisions. In this context, the present work aimed to explore the use of health-related cues on the packages of processed and ultra-processed products sold in Uruguay to provide insights for policy making.

Air trapping in COVID-19 patients following hospital discharge: retrospective evaluation with paired inspiratory/expiratory thin-section CT.

Objectives: The study reports our experience with paired inspiration/expiration thin-section computed tomographic (CT) scans in the follow-up of COVID-19 patients with persistent respiratory symptoms.

Methods: From August 13, 2020, to May 31, 2021, 48 long-COVID patients with respiratory symptoms (27 men and 21 women; median age, 62.0 years; interquartile range: 54.

Age, time orientation and risk perception are major determinants of discretionary salt usage.

The present work explored the relationship between discretionary salt usage and personal characteristics, using boosted regression trees (BRT). Specifically, the focus was on how socio-demographic characteristics and personality traits linked to risk perception and time orientation impact on discretionary salt consumption patterns. For this purpose, an online cross-sectional survey with a convenience sample of 498 Uruguayan participants was carried out.

"I don't throw away food, unless I see that it's not fit for consumption": An in-depth exploration of household food waste in Uruguay.

Significant reductions in household food waste have been regarded as a key step towards achieving global sustainable development. Household food waste is a complex phenomenon determined by consumer behavior along the steps of the "food journey" that goes from purchasing to final disposal. Although avoiding food waste is socially desirable and raises positive attitudes, consumers do not frequently engage in avoidance behaviors.

Non-Infectious Granulomatous Lung Disease: Imaging Findings with Pathologic Correlation.

Non-infectious granulomatous lung disease represents a diverse group of disorders characterized by pulmonary opacities associated with granulomatous inflammation, a relatively nonspecific finding commonly encountered by pathologists. Some lesions may present a diagnostic challenge because of nonspecific imaging features; however, recognition of the various imaging manifestations of these disorders in conjunction with patients' clinical history, such as age, symptom onset and duration, immune status, and presence of asthma or cutaneous lesions, is imperative for narrowing the differential diagnosis and determining appropriate management of this rare group of disorders. In this pictorial review, we describe the pathologic findings of various non-infectious granulomatous lung diseases as well as the radiologic features and high-resolution computed tomography imaging features.

Communication Campaigns to Support the Use of Nutritional Warnings: Different Messages for Different People?

Communication campaigns are expected to contribute to increase the efficacy of nutritional warnings. In this context, the aims of the present work were (a) to evaluate how citizens perceive different types of messages for a communication campaign and (b) to determine if personal characteristics such as gender, age, and educational level, as well socioeconomic and nutritional status, moderate how citizens perceive such campaign messages. A series of graphic pieces were designed for each of the following three types of messages: promotion of informed food choices; raising awareness of the negative health consequences of excessive consumption of sugar, fat, and sodium; and promotion of healthy food choices.

Exploring barriers to consuming suboptimal foods: A consumer perspective.

Food suboptimality is one of the major driving factors of food waste at the consumer level. Consumer decision to purchase a suboptimal food strongly depends on the associations raised by the suboptimality. In this context, the aim of the current study was to study the influence of different types of suboptimality on consumer associations, emotional reactions, perceived quality dimensions, and purchase intention.

The idealisation of bottle feeding: content analysis of feeding bottles and teats packages in Uruguay.

Objective: The information displayed on the packages of feeding bottles and teats commercialised in Montevideo (Uruguay) was analysed using content analysis with the goal of identifying key marketing practices that may discourage breast-feeding.

Design: The study was conducted as part of the periodic assessment performed by the Uruguayan government to monitor the marketing of breast milk substitutes. All the feeding bottles and teats sold in forty-four retail outlets selling breast milk substitutes were purchased.

Pulmonary Thrombosis or Embolism in a Large Cohort of Hospitalized Patients With Covid-19.

We set out to analyze the incidence and predictive factors of pulmonary embolism (PE) in hospitalized patients with Covid-19. We prospectively collected data from all consecutive patients with laboratory-confirmed Covid-19 admitted to the Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, a university hospital in Barcelona, between March 9 and April 15, 2020. Patients with suspected PE, according to standardized guidelines, underwent CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA).

Immediate effects of the implementation of nutritional warnings in Uruguay: awareness, self-reported use and increased understanding.

Objective: To assess the effects of nutritional warnings during the first month after the date of full compliance by the food industry in Uruguay in terms of citizen awareness, self-reported use and ability to understand nutritional information.

Design: The present work encompassed two online studies, conducted before (Study 1) and during the first month after the date of full compliance by the food industry (Study 2). An after-only design was used to assess awareness of the policy, exposure to nutritional warnings on food packages and self-reported use of warnings for making purchase decisions in Study 2.

Low Rate of Invasive Fungal Infections During Induction and Consolidation Chemotherapy for Adults with De Novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia Without Anti-mold Prophylaxis: Single-Center 2002-2018 Empirical/Pre-emptive Approach.

Broad-spectrum antifungal prophylaxis is currently considered the standard of care for adults with de novo AML for the prevention of invasive fungal infections (IFIs), especially invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). Because fluconazole has been used in our center as anti-yeast prophylaxis, we sought to analyze in detail the incidence of IFIs over a 17-year period, as well as their impact on outcome. A standardized protocol of patient management, including serum galactomannan screening and thoracic CT-guided diagnostic-driven antifungal therapy, was used in all patients.

Can sodium warnings modify preferences? A case study with white bread.

Several studies have shown that the inclusion of front of pack nutritional warnings is a potentially effective strategy to encourage consumers to avoid products with high content of nutrients associated with non-communicable diseases. In this context, the present work aimed at exploring consumers' reaction towards sodium reduction in the context of the implementation of warnings in three scenarios: package evaluation, tasting and intention to re-purchase the product after tasting, using white bread as case study. A total of 171 consumers participated in the study that encompassed four parts.

Inactivated rabies vaccines: Standardization of an in vitro assay for residual viable virus detection.

Human rabies, a neglected viral zoonosis, is preventable through domestic animals vaccination and post-exposure prophylaxis using inactivated rabies vaccines. During vaccine production, several mandatory in vivo quality control trials, such as potency, live virus, and safety, are responsible for the use of large numbers of laboratory animals. Over the years, global organizations encouraged the development of alternative methods to reduce, replace and refine the use of animals in the pharmaceutical industry.

Time orientation and risk perception moderate the influence of sodium warnings on food choice: Implications for the design of communication campaigns.

The inclusion of sodium warnings on food packages has been proposed as a means to encourage population to reduce sodium intake. However, consumers who focus on today rather than tomorrow or consumers who downplay or underestimate risks might pay little attention to warnings. The aim of the present study was to explore whether time orientation and perceived risk of sodium consumption may moderate the influence of sodium warnings on food choices.

How Can We Motivate People to Use Nutritional Warnings in Decision Making? Citizen Co-Created Insights for the Development of Communication Campaigns.

Nutritional warnings are intended to enable citizens to make informed choice by clearly identifying food products with excessive content of nutrients associated with noncommunicable diseases. The efficacy of this public policy is expected to improve if accompanied by communication campaigns that raise awareness of the existence of nutritional warnings, as well as encourage citizens to take them into account in decision making. Because ordinary citizens have been shown to generate significantly more creative and valuable ideas than advanced users and professional developers, the aim of the present work was to obtain qualitative, citizen co-created insights for the design of a communication campaign.

Consumers' heterogeneity towards salt reduction: Insights from a case study with white rice.

In the current context of increasing worldwide concern about the prevalence of health problems related to high sodium intake, reducing the sodium content of food products has been identified as a cost-effective strategy to improve public health. The present work was aimed to assess the effect of salt reduction on consumers' perception, using white rice as case study. Particular emphasis was put on exploring individual differences in consumers' reaction towards salt reduction.