A systematic review of the implications of lipocalin-2 expression in periodontal disease.

Objective: Evidence suggests that lipocalin-2 (LCN-2), a bone-derived protein, is upregulated in periodontal diseases. This systematic review aimed to evaluate LCN-2 concentrations in individuals with periodontal diseases, identifying the most suitable body fluids for its detection, the type of periodontal disease with the highest LCN-2 expression, its association with other inflammatory markers and systemic diseases, and whether its expression can be modified by periodontal treatment.

Methods: A systematic search of Google Scholar, PubMed, and ProQuest up to August 2024 was conducted.

Management of Foot Ulcers and Chronic Wounds with Amniotic Membrane in Comorbid Patients: A Successful Experience.

Chronic wounds are defined as those with disturbances in normal healing. They involve symptoms like exudate, odor, pain or impaired mobility, severely impacting life quality. In the case of patients with additional comorbidities, these are known to aggravate the healing impairment.

Lipocalin-2 as a fundamental protein in type 2 diabetes and periodontitis in mice.

Background: Lipocalin-2 (LCN-2) is an osteokine that suppresses appetite, stimulates insulin secretion, regulates bone remodeling, and is induced by proinflammatory cytokines. The aim of this work was to investigate the participation of LCN-2 in periodontitis associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) by evaluating alveolar bone loss, glycemic control, inflammation, and femur fragility.

Methods: A murine model of periodontitis with T2D and elevated LCN-2 concentration was used.

Optimizing cryopreservation conditions for use of fucosylated human mesenchymal stromal cells in anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory therapeutics.

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are being increasingly used in cell-based therapies due to their broad anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Intravascularly-administered MSCs do not efficiently migrate to sites of inflammation/immunopathology, but this shortfall has been overcome by cell surface enzymatic fucosylation to engender expression of the potent E-selectin ligand HCELL. In applications of cell-based therapies, cryopreservation enables stability in both storage and transport of the produced cells from the manufacturing facility to the point of care.

Exercise improves intestinal IgA production by T-dependent cell pathway in adults but not in aged mice.

Introduction: Hypermutated high-affinity immunoglobulin A (IgA), neutralizes toxins and drives the diversification of bacteria communities to maintain intestinal homeostasis although the mechanism underlies the impact of moderate aerobic exercise (MAE) on the IgA-generation via T-dependent (TD) is not fully know. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of long-time MAE on the production of IgA through the TD pathway in Peyer´s patches of the small intestine from aged mice.

Methods: MAE protocol consisted of twenty 3-month-old (young) BALB/c mice running in an endless band at 0° inclination and a speed of 10 m/h for 5 days a week and resting 2 days on the weekend until reaching 6-month-old (adulthood, n=10) or 24-month-old (aging, n=10).

[Peritoneal dialysis impact on quality of life in elderly].

Background: Nowadays elderly live longer but with more diseases and geriatric syndromes which can deteriorate their quality of life (QoL). Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a renal replacement therapy which seeks to prolong an improve QoL; however, this is uncertain in elderly. Therefore, comparing QoL before and after starting dialysis in this population may let us know if there is a benefit at this level.

A diet rich in omega-3 fatty acid improves periodontitis and tissue destruction by MMP2- and MMP9-linked inflammation in a murine model.

Periodontitis is an oral-cavity inflammatory disease and is the principal cause associated with tooth loss. Matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9) are important proteases involved in periodontal tissue destruction. The omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) have been demonstrated to possess immunoregulatory properties in periodontitis.

Bone Marrow as a Therapeutic Target for Type 2 Diabetes Complications.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a world epidemic with a high prevalence and mortality. The origin of macro and microvascular complications associated with T2DM is complex and new mechanisms to explain their development are emerging. The changes induced by T2DM in the microenvironment of bone marrow (BM) alter the expansion and differentiation of stem cells and have been related to the development of micro and macrovascular diseases.

Regionalized analysis of gut barrier components in the small intestine of BALB/c mice following chronic immobilization stress.

Background: Microbiota and tight junction proteins (TJPs) are components of the gut barrier, and are considered stress targets that have deleterious effects on intestinal homeostasis.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of chronic immobilization stress on selected small intestine homeostasis parameters.

Material And Methods: Female BALB/c mice were divided into a stress group that underwent short-term immobilization for 2 h per day for 4 consecutive days, and a non-stressed control group (n = 6 per group).

Aerobic training improves bone fragility by reducing the inflammatory microenvironment in bone tissue in type 2 diabetes.

Aerobic training (AT) is indicated in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to control hyperglycaemia and inflammation. AT improves bone microarchitecture and resistance to fracture. The intensity of AT and the mechanisms that lead to the improvement in bone quality are still unknown.

Enforced mesenchymal stem cell tissue colonization counteracts immunopathology.

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are distributed within all tissues of the body. Though best known for generating connective tissue and bone, these cells also display immunoregulatory properties. A greater understanding of MSC cell biology is urgently needed because culture-expanded MSCs are increasingly being used in treatment of inflammatory conditions, especially life-threatening immune diseases.

Moderate intensity aerobic training reduces the signs of peripheral sensitization in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global health problem for many reasons including the comorbidities, such as diabetic neuropathy (DPN), which is the most common. It has been suggested that aerobic training can improve metabolic health in individuals with T2DM. Still, the effect of aerobic training on DPN signs and its relationship with serum levels of tumor necrosis tumor alpha (TNF-α), an essential molecule in T2DM development, is unknown.

Optimization of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell (MSC) Manufacturing Processes for a Better Therapeutic Outcome.

MSCs products as well as their derived extracellular vesicles, are currently being explored as advanced biologics in cell-based therapies with high expectations for their clinical use in the next few years. In recent years, various strategies designed for improving the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), including pre-conditioning for enhanced cytokine production, improved cell homing and strengthening of immunomodulatory properties, have been developed but the manufacture and handling of these cells for their use as advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) remains insufficiently studied, and available data are mainly related to non-industrial processes. In the present article, we will review this topic, analyzing current information on the specific regulations, the selection of living donors as well as MSCs from different sources (bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord, etc.

Moderate aerobic exercise on bone quality changes associated with aging and oxidative stress in BALB/c mice.

Exercise encourages active and healthy aging, maintaining functional and physical capabilities. This study aimed to assess the effects of a long-term moderate aerobic exercise protocol on bone microarchitecture and fragility associated with chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in aging. Male BALB/c mice (n = 10 per group) underwent a moderate exercise protocol from 13 weeks to 27 (adulthood age) or 108 weeks of age (elderly age) and were then sacrificed.

Docosahexaenoic acid improves altered mineralization proteins, the decreased quality of hydroxyapatite crystals and suppresses oxidative stress induced by high glucose.

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) experience an increased risk of fractures and a variety of bone pathologies, such as osteoporosis. The suggested mechanisms of increased fracture risk in DM2 include chronic hyperglycaemia, which provokes oxidative stress, alters bone matrix, and decreases the quality of hydroxyapatite crystals. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid, can increase bone formation, reduce bone loss, and it possesses antioxidant/anti-inflammatory properties.

Use of cryopreserved human amniotic membrane in the treatment of skin ulcers secondary to calciphylaxis.

Calciphylaxis is a rare condition characterized by skin ulceration and necrosis as a result of vascular calcification of the small and medium blood vessels of skin and subcutaneous tissues. It mainly occurs in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease and sometimes leads to complications with a fatal outcome. In this report, we describe the case of a 67-year-old male patient with end stage renal disease presenting painful skin ulcers on his lower limbs.

Exofucosylation of Adipose Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Alters Their Secretome Profile.

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) constitute the cell type more frequently used in many regenerative medicine approaches due to their exclusive immunomodulatory properties, and they have been reported to mediate profound immunomodulatory effects . Nevertheless, MSCs do not express essential adhesion molecules actively involved in cell migration, a phenotypic feature that hampers their ability to home inflamed tissues following intravenous administration. In this study, we investigated whether modification by fucosylation of murine AdMSCs (mAdMSCs) creates Hematopoietic Cell E-/L-selectin Ligand, the E-selectin-binding CD44 glycoform.

Bone Marrow-Derived Mononuclear Cell Transplants Decrease Retinal Gliosis in Two Animal Models of Inherited Photoreceptor Degeneration.

Inherited photoreceptor degenerations are not treatable diseases and a frequent cause of blindness in working ages. In this study we investigate the safety, integration and possible rescue effects of intravitreal and subretinal transplantation of adult human bone-marrow-derived mononuclear stem cells (hBM-MSCs) in two animal models of inherited photoreceptor degeneration, the P23H-1 and the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rat. Immunosuppression was started one day before the injection and continued through the study.

Sensory, Affective, and Cognitive Effects of Trigeminal Injury in Mice.

Purpose: To characterize adequate study of chronic neuropathic orofacial pain induced by a mental nerve injury in a mouse model, we propose a behavioral assessment of its dimensions: sensory, affective, and cognitive.

Materials And Methods: Trigeminal injury was induced by a chronic mental nerve constriction (MnC). Behavioral tests were conducted to assess the different dimensions of pain and to evaluate the general well-being of mice.

Intramuscular Injection of Bone Marrow Stem Cells in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Preclinical studies suggest that stem cells may be a valuable therapeutic tool in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). As it has been demonstrated that there are molecular changes at the end-plate during the early stages of motorneuron degeneration in animal models, we hypothesize that the local effect of this stem cell delivery method could slow the progressive loss of motor units (MUs) in ALS patients.

Methods: We designed a Phase I/II clinical trial to study the safety of intramuscularly implanting autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs), including stem cells, in ALS patients and their possible effects on the MU of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle.

Safety and Biodistribution of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Injected Intrathecally in Non-Obese Diabetic Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Mice: Preclinical Study.

Background: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have potent immunomodulatory and neuroprotective properties, and have been tested in neurodegenerative diseases resulting in meaningful clinical improvements. Regulatory guidelines specify the need to perform preclinical studies prior any clinical trial, including biodistribution assays and tumourigenesis exclusion. We conducted a preclinical study of human bone marrow MSCs (hBM-MSCs) injected by intrathecal route in Non-Obese Diabetic Severe Combined Immunodeficiency mice, to explore cellular biodistribution and toxicity as a privileged administration method for cell therapy in Friedreich's Ataxia.

Cryopreserved amniotic membrane in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: a case series.

Objective: The amniotic membrane (AM) is a tissue with low immunogenity and high therapeutic potential due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic and antimicrobial effects. This paper describes the use of cryopreserved amniotic membrane allografts to treat diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) in patients with diabetes.

Method: In this case series, AM was processed to obtain a final medicinal product: cryopreserved amniotic membrane.