Impact of maternal health and stress on steroid hormone profiles in human milk: Implications for infant development.

Steroid hormones are biologically active factors in human milk (HM) that influence the physical and mental development of infants. Critically, maternal psychosocial stress has been associated with changes in HM steroid composition. This work aimed to characterize the steroid hormone profile of HM and pasteurized donor human milk (DHM) and assess the interplay between maternal physical and psychosocial status, the HM steroid profile, and infant outcomes.

Characterization and assessment of executive functions through a virtual cooking task in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder.

Bipolar disorder (BD) implies impairments in executive functions during euthymia that interfere in psychosocial functioning. Virtual reality assessments may confer advantages respect to traditional assessments in terms of efficiency and ecological validity. The aim of this study was to validate a novel Virtual Cooking Task (VCT) for executive functions assessment in euthymic patients with BD.

A Phase II Trial of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy and Androgen Deprivation for Oligometastases in Prostate Cancer (SBRT-SG 05).

Purpose: SBRT-Spanish Group-05 (ClinicalTrials.gov.Identifier: NCT02192788) is a collaborative (SBRT-SG, Grupo de Investigación Clínica en Oncología Radioterápica, and Sociedad Española de Oncología Radioterápica) prospective multicenter phase II trial testing stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in patients with oligorecurrent prostate cancer.

Opinion, Use and Knowledge About Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Spain: A National Survey of Mental Health Professionals.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive method of neuromodulation with heterogeneous usage between countries, which may be potentially influenced by healthcare professionals' opinions. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, acceptability, and attitudes of mental health professionals in Spain towards TMS. A cross-sectional multicentric study was conducted using an online survey, with 219 participants including psychiatrists, psychologists, and residents.

Assessing Executive Functioning in Schizophrenia: Concurrent and Discriminative Validity of a Novel Virtual Cooking Task.

Deficits in executive functions (EF) are strongly related to real-life functioning and negative symptoms (NS) in schizophrenia. Recently, virtual reality has enabled more ecologically valid approaches to assess EF in simulated "real-life" scenarios among which the virtual cooking task (VCT) has gained attention. However, the clinical implications of the VCT in schizophrenia have not been investigated exhaustively.

Understanding the course of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children born after a threatened preterm labor: a 6-year cohort study.

Background: Recent research suggests that children born after suspected preterm labor may observe a potential cluster with different attention deficit hyperactivity disorder features, depending on the time of birth. However, the evolution of symptoms and their predictors remain unknown in this population.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the trajectories of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms of children born after suspected preterm labor, between ages 2 and 6 years, considering prematurity condition and comparing with controls.

Emotional Face Processing in Autism Spectrum Condition: A Study of Attentional Orienting and Inhibitory Control.

A core feature of Autistic Spectrum Condition (ASC) is the presence of difficulties in social interactions. This can be explained by an atypical attentional processing of social information: individuals with ASC may show problems with orienting attention to socially relevant stimuli and/or inhibiting their attentional responses to irrelevant ones. To shed light on this issue, we examined attentional orienting and inhibitory control to emotional stimuli (angry, happy, and neutral faces).

Are Socially Relevant Scenes Abnormally Processed in Complex Trauma-Exposed Children?

Abnormal attentional processes to socially relevant information may underlie behavioral dysfunctional symptoms in children exposed to a complex trauma. Attentional biases to social scenes close to real-world situations and their association with behavioral symptomatology were examined in complex trauma-exposed children. A visual dot-probe task involving neutral versus emotional (i.

Spanish validation of the Empirically Developed Clinical Staging Model (EmDe-5) for patients with bipolar disorder.

Introduction: Bipolar disorder (BD) has been reconceptualised as a progressive disorder that develops from mild to severe presentations. An empirical staging model - the Empirically Developed Clinical Staging Model for BD (EmDe-5) - was developed in a previous study. This study aims to further validate that model using a larger and more representative Spanish sample.

The effects of reward and frustration on the task performance of autistic children and adolescents.

Background: Autistic individuals often exhibit social communication and socio-emotional styles that may interfere with achieving social and academic outcomes. At a more specific level, they may perform differently in various social and academic tasks due to different modes of processing rewards or unpleasant experiences (e.g.

Rescue doses of antenatal corticosteroids, children's neurodevelopment, and salivary cortisol after a threatened preterm labor: a 30-month follow-up study.

Background: Antenatal corticosteroids reduce neonatal complications when administered to women at risk for preterm birth. Moreover, antenatal corticosteroid rescue doses are recommended for women who remain at risk after the initial course. However, there is controversy about the most appropriate frequency and the exact timing of administering additional antenatal corticosteroid doses because there are potential long-term negative effects on infants' neurodevelopment and physiological stress functioning.

Development of Moral Judgments in Impersonal and Personal Dilemmas in Autistic Spectrum Disorders from Childhood to Late Adolescence.

A potential underlying mechanism associated with the difficulties in social interactions in Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD) concerns the abnormal development of moral reasoning. The present study examined utilitarian and deontological judgments in impersonal and personal moral dilemmas, comparing 66 individuals with ASD and 61 typically developing (TD) individuals between 6 and 18 years. Utilitarian judgments decreased with age.

Temperamental and psychomotor predictors of ADHD symptoms in children born after a threatened preterm labour: a 6-year follow-up study.

Children born after threatened preterm labour (TPL), regardless of whether it ends in preterm birth, may represent an undescribed "ADHD cluster". The aim of this cohort study is to identify early temperament and psychomotor manifestations and risk factors of TPL children who present ADHD symptoms. One hundred and seventeen mother-child pairs were followed from TPL diagnosis until the child's 6 years of life.

Are infants born after an episode of suspected preterm labor at risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder? A 30-month follow-up study.

Background: An episode of suspected preterm labor may be by itself a pathologic event that may alter the normal course of pregnancy and the offspring's neurodevelopment. Certainly, the association between preterm birth and neurodevelopmental disorders can only be partially explained by the immaturity of the nervous system, as evidenced by the increased risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in late-preterm infants without any neurologic alteration.

Objective: This study aimed to examine whether infants born after suspected preterm labor may be at an increased risk of developing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Intraoperative Neurovascular Bundle Preservation with Hyaluronic Acid during Radical Brachytherapy for Localized Prostate Cancer: Technique and MicroMosfet In Vivo Dosimetry.

Purpose: To evaluate the reduction in the absorbed dose delivered to the neurovascular bundle (NB) in patients with localized prostate cancer treated with only HDR brachytherapy and NB protection with hyaluronic acid (HA) on the side of the prostate to increase the distance from NB to the radioactive sources.

Methods: This is the first published report in the medical literature that studies a new approach to decrease neurovascular bundle toxicity and improve quality of life for patients with prostate cancer treated with radical brachytherapy as monotherapy. Transperineal HA injection on the side of the prostate into the lateral aspect of the prostate fat was used to consistently displace several autonomic fibers and vessels on the lateral wall of the prostate away from radiation sources.

A Possible Trait and Status Marker in Bipolar Disorder: The Electroretinogram-Pattern.

The similarity between retinal cells and neurons of the central nervous system allows non-invasive methods to study retinal function, such as the Electroretinogram-Pattern (PERG) to be postulated as possible biomarkers, useful and safe in the study of psychiatric pathologies such as Bipolar Disorder (BD). The objective of the present study is to characterize the differences in the results in the PERG of patients with BD and healthy subjects, as well as to evaluate a possible correlation between these results and the affective decompensations of the manic pole in the group of bipolar patients.

Affective temperaments and sexual functioning in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder.

Sexual functioning in bipolar disorder (BD) is dependent on multiple clinical and demographic determinants that can eventually lead to sexual dysfunction. However, the contribution of affective temperaments remains unstudied in this population. In this cross-sectional multicentric work, we studied the impact of temperament traits on sexual functioning in 100 euthymic BD outpatients treated only with mood stabilizers with or without benzodiazepines.

Attentional engagement and inhibitory control according to positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia: An emotional antisaccade task.

Despite schizophrenia (SZ) is characterized by a high psychopathological heterogeneity, the underlying psychological mechanisms that result in different clinical profiles are unclear. This study examined the cognitive processing of emotional faces (angry, happy, neutral, and sad) by means of assessing inhibitory control (antisaccade task) and attentional engagement (prosaccade task) with the eye-tracking paradigm. Firstly, two clinical SZ subgroups classified according to the predominance of positive (PSZ; n = 20) or negative symptoms (NSZ; n = 34) and a control group of 32 individuals were compared.

Association between neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio, and C-reactive protein levels and metabolic status in patients with a bipolar disorder.

Objectives: Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) are markers of inflammation that are elevated in bipolar disorder (BD) and are also related to a higher risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study aimed at investigating for the first time the association between NLR, PLR, and CRP and the metabolic status in BD.

Methods: We assessed the association between biomarkers and the metabolic status: number of metabolic risk factors, presence of MetS, insulin sensitivity (Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index, QUICKI) and insulin resistance (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance, HOMA-IR index), in a sample of 219 outpatients with BD.

Attentional biases towards emotional scenes in autism spectrum condition: An eye-tracking study.

Background: Different attentional processing of emotional information may underlie social impairments in Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC). It has been hypothesized that individuals with ASC show hypersensitivity to threat, which may be related to an avoidance behaviour. However, research on the attentional processing of emotional information in autism is inconclusive.

The effects of reward and frustration in patients with bipolar disorder: Evidence from a computerized task with non-contingent feedback.

Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by mood changes that implies alterations in reward sensitivity and frustration tolerance. This study examined the effects of monetary reward and frustration on attentional performance and on affective experience across mood states in BD.

Methods: An Affective Posner Task in which the nature of contingencies are divided in the three successive blocks (baseline condition, monetary reward and non-contingent feedback) was applied to BD individuals in their different episodes: mania (n = 30), depression (n = 30), and euthymia (n =  30) as well as to a group of healthy controls (n = 30).