[Immune reconstitution syndrome in an HIV-infected patient and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia].

Immune reconstitution syndrome is a set of acute inflammatory phenomena that occur as a result of restored immunity generating a paradoxical worsening of a prior infection or an inflammatory process. This syndrome occurs in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients after starting antiretroviral treatment. The most frequent associated infections are those produced by mycobacteria, herpes, cryptococcosis, hepatitis B, cytomegalovirus, Pneumocystis jirovecii and worsening of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy secondary to JC virus.