Clinical management of fever in children in Brazil: practical recommendations from an expert panel.

The objective of this study was to answer several questions related to the assessment and treatment of fever, as well as other controversies that exist during its management in pediatric patients. First, an advisory board with medical experts was conducted to discuss the clinical journey of these patients, considering the main challenges and possible solutions. After this discussion, a non-systematic literature review was performed, between November 2019 and January 2020, to collect the most relevant evidence available in the scientific databases MEDLINE, Lilacs, and SciELO.

Use of Nanocellulose to Produce Water-Based Conductive Inks with Ag NPs for Printed Electronics.

The need for more sustainable printed electronics has emerged in the past years. Due to this, the use of nanocellulose (NC) extracted from cellulose has recently been demonstrated to provide interesting materials such as functional inks and transparent flexible films due to its properties. Its high specific surface area together with the high content of reactive hydroxyl groups provide a highly tailorable surface chemistry with applications in ink formulations as a stabilizing, capping, binding and templating agent.

Salicylic Acid Improves Antioxidant Defense System and Photosynthetic Performance in Plants Subjected to Moderate Drought Stress.

Salicylic acid (SA) has been shown to ameliorate drought stress. However, physiological and biochemical mechanisms involved in drought stress tolerance induced by SA in plants have not been well understood. Thus, this study aimed to study the role of SA application on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, photosynthetic performance, and plant growth in plants subjected to moderate drought stress.

Long-Term Effectiveness and Tolerability of Pain Treatment with Tapentadol Prolonged Release.

Background: The central analgesic tapentadol prolonged release (PR) has proven effective and generally well tolerated in a broad range of chronic pain conditions. Long-term data of its use are still scarce.

Objectives: To evaluate long-term effectiveness, tolerability, and safety of tapentadol PR in patients with severe chronic osteoarthritis (OA) knee pain or low back pain (LBP) who responded to tapentadol in 1 of 4 preceding 12-week phase 3b clinical trials.

Lethality and characteristics of deaths due to COVID-19 in Rondônia: an observational study.

Objective: To describe the characteristics of deaths due to COVID-19 in the state of Rondônia.

Methods: This was a descriptive study, with data from the Brazilian National Health System Epidemiological Surveillance System Computerization Strategy (E-SUS-VE, notified between January 1 and August 20, 2020. Statistical tests (Chi-square and Marascuilo procedure) were applied, where differences were considered to be significant when p< 0.

Differential mechanisms between traditionally established and new highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) cultivars reveal new insights into manganese toxicity resistance.

In acid soils, manganese (Mn) concentration increases, becoming toxic to plants. Mn toxicity differentially affects physiological processes in highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) cultivars.

Health service access for tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment among indigenous peoples in Rondônia state, Brazilian Amazon, 2009-2011: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: to investigate access to health services for tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis and treatment among indigenous peoples in Rondônia State, Brazil, 2009-2011.

Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional study with indigenous people attending Indigenous Health Care Units (Casai) between October 2009 and February 2011; geographical, economical and functional dimensions of access to TB services were evaluated through interviews and then described.

Results: 52 indigenous people with TB were interviewed; in the geographical dimension, lack of transportation, distance and lack of health professionals were the main obstacles; in the economic dimension, 15 indigenous people reported cost/expense as a barrier to access; in the functional dimension, 21 arrived at the Casai using their own means; 24 reported that the time between first symptoms and arriving at the Casai was > 30days; 25 reported that time between first consultation and starting treatment was >30 days; treatment was supervised in 22 cases.

[Assessment of prenatal care for indigenous women in Brazil: findings from the First National Survey of Indigenous People's Health and Nutrition].

This study assesses prenatal care for indigenous women 14-49 years of age with children under five years of age in Brazil. The First National Survey of Indigenous People's Health and Nutrition assessed 3,967 women who met these criteria, of whom 41.3% in the North, 21.

Measuring early childhood development in Brazil: validation of the Caregiver Reported Early Development Instruments (CREDI).

Objective: The present study aims to analyze the psychometric properties and general validity of the Caregiver Reported Early Development Instruments (CREDI) short form for the population-level assessment of early childhood development for Brazilian children under age 3.

Method: The study analyzed the acceptability, test-retest reliability, internal consistency and discriminant validity of the CREDI short-form tool. The study also analyzed the concurrent validity of the CREDI with a direct observational measure (Inter-American Development Bank's Regional Project on Child Development Indicators; PRIDI).

Sex differences in DNA methylation of the cord blood are related to sex-bias psychiatric diseases.

Sex differences in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders are well documented, with exposure to stress during gestation differentially impacting females and males. We explored sex-specific DNA methylation in the cord blood of 39 females and 32 males born at term and with appropriate weight at birth regarding their potential connection to psychiatric outcomes. Mothers were interviewed to gather information about environmental factors (gestational exposure) that could interfere with the methylation profiles in the newborns.

Prevalence of pneumonia and associated factors among indigenous children in Brazil: results from the First National Survey of Indigenous People's Health and Nutrition.

Background: Based on data from a nationally representative sample of indigenous villages in Brazilian indigenous reserves, the study sought to estimate the prevalence of pneumonia and evaluate associated factors among indigenous children under 5 years of age.

Methods: Sociodemographic, clinical and reported data on child respiratory health from the First National Survey of Indigenous People's Health and Nutrition in Brazil were collected for 6128 children. Prevalence of pneumonia was calculated for independent variables and hierarchical multivariate analyses were performed to assess associations.

Diarrhea and health inequity among Indigenous children in Brazil: results from the First National Survey of Indigenous People's Health and Nutrition.

Background: Globally, diarrhea is the second leading cause of death among children under five. In Brazil, mortality due to diarrhea underwent a significant reduction in recent decades principally due to expansion of the primary healthcare network, use of oral rehydration therapy, reduced child undernutrition, and improved access to safe drinking water. The First National Survey of Indigenous People's Health and Nutrition in Brazil, conducted in 2008-2009, was the first survey based on a nationwide representative sample to study the prevalence of diarrhea and associated factors among Indigenous children in the country.

The intergenerational effects on birth weight and its relations to maternal conditions, São Paulo, Brazil.

Background And Objectives: Parents' birth weight acts as a predictor for the descendant birth weight, with the correlation more strongly transmitted through maternal line. The present research aims to study the correlation between the child's low or increased birth weight, the mother's birth weight, and maternal conditions.

Methods: 773 mother-infant binomials were identified with information on both the baby's and the mother's birth weight recorded.

[Guidelines for diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of Fabry disease].

Fabry disease is an X-linked hereditary lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficiency of the enzyme alpha-galactosidase A. Knowledge about this disease, and its medical management, has made remarkable progress in the last decade, including the development of its specific treatment. This guide was developed by medical professionals from various specialties involved in the care of patients with Fabry disease.

No association between low birth weight and cardiovascular risk factors in early adulthood: evidence from São Paulo, Brazil.

Background: A growing literature suggests that low birth weight increases the risk of poor health outcomes in adulthood. We tested this hypothesis among young adults living in São Paulo State, Brazil.

Methods And Findings: To identify the effects of low birth weight on young adulthood outcomes, a medical assessment of 297 individuals born between 1977 and 1989 was conducted at a primary care unit in São Paulo State, Brazil.

Prevalence of anemia and associated factors among indigenous children in Brazil: results from the First National Survey of Indigenous People's Health and Nutrition.

Background: Anemia is the most prevalent nutritional deficiency globally, affecting about a quarter of the world population. In Brazil, about one-fifth of children under five years of age are anemic. Previous case studies indicate prevalence rates much higher among indigenous peoples in the country.

PP050. NT-Pro-BNP: Correlation with adverse outcome markers in hypertensive gestational syndromes.

Introduction: Brain-type natriuretic peptide is released by cardiomyocites in response to parietal stress augmentation and systemic endothelial dysfunction. Hypertensive Gestational Syndromes (HGS) share this mechanism, but the correlation between NT-Pro-BNP and maternal/fetal outcomes is not yet clear enough.

Objectives: Evaluate the correlation between NT-Pro-BNP in HGS and Normotensive Pregnant Women (NPW), with clinical and biological markers of adverse maternal/fetal outcome.

Synthesis using microwave irradiation and antibacterial evaluation of new N,O-acetals and N,S-acetals derived from 2-amino-1,4-naphthoquinones.

This paper describes a novel series of N,O-acetals and N,S-acetals (7a-o) derived from 2-amino-1,4-naphthoquinones that were synthesized and evaluated as potential antimicrobial agents. These compounds were obtained in good yields using microwave irradiation, and several of them showed promising antibacterial profiles. Three of our biologically active 2-amino-1,4-naphthoquinone N,O-acetals and N,S-acetals tested against hospital bacterial strains were identified as potential lead compounds.

A phase I clinical trial of a new 5-valent rotavirus vaccine.

We conducted a phase I, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate a new 5-valent oral rotavirus vaccine's safety and immunogenicity profiles. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive 3 orally administered doses of a live-attenuated human-bovine (UK) reassortant rotavirus vaccine, containing five viral antigens (G1, G2, G3, G4 and G9), or a placebo. The frequency and severity of adverse events were assessed.

[Hospital costs related to streptococcal meningitis among children in São José dos Campos, São Paulo State, Brazil].

Knowledge of hospital costs is highly important for public health decision-making. This study aimed to estimate direct hospital costs related to pneumococcal meningitis in children 13 years or younger in the city of São José dos Campos, São Paulo State, Brazil, from January 1999 to December 2008. Data were obtained from medical records.

Treatment profiles and costs of patients with chronic pain in the population setting.

Background: The purpose of this study was to gather information about analgesic drug therapy in patients with chronic pain and perform cost estimates to guide future cost-effectiveness research in the area.

Methods: Data from patients aged 44 years and over suffering from any chronic condition and receiving regular analgesic drug therapy (for ≥6 months) who attended health care facilities within the area of Badalona during 2008 were collected in a retrospective study. Morbidity profiles were defined according to treatment setting (pain unit, hospital), World Health Organization analgesic step (1-2 versus 3), and a raw cost model based on resource use and work absenteeism was applied.

[NT-Pro-BNP levels performance before and after reversion to sinus rhythm in patients with preserved ventricular function].

Our objective was to evaluate changes of N-terminal pro-BNP (NT-Pro-BNP) levels at baseline and after restoration to sinus rhythm in hemodynamic stable patients with lone atrial fibrillation (LAF) with preserved left ventricular function. NT-Pro-BNP levels were obtained before and after cardioversion in thirty hemodynamic stable patients with LAF and preserved left ventricular function. At baseline levels of NT-Pro BNP levels were significatively higher than a normal control group.