[Psychogenic non epileptic events and frontal lobe seizures].

The distinction between epilepsy and psychogenic non epileptic events or seizures (PNES) has been made since the middle of the first millennium (B.C.) Psychogenic non epileptic seizures (PNES) resemble epileptic seizures presenting as paroxysmal, involuntary, time-limited alterations in behaviour, motor activity, autonomic function, consciousness, or sensation.

Immobilization of red fox (Vulpes vulpes) with medetomidine-ketamine or medetomidine-midazolam and antagonism with atipamezole.

Thirty-two free-ranging red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) were immobilized with one of three combinations: medetomidine (0.076 +/- 0.017 mg/kg) and ketamine (2.

Field anesthesia of golden jackals (Canis aureus) with the use of medetomidine-ketamine or medetomidine-midazolam with atipamezole reversal.

Twenty-two free-ranging golden jackals (Canis aureus) were immobilized with a combination of 113 +/- 24 microg/kg medetomidine and 2.1 +/- 0.3 mg/kg ketamine (M-K) or 88 +/- 16 microg/kg medetomidine and 0.

Evaluation of lidocaine treatment and risk factors for death associated with gastric dilatation and volvulus in dogs: 112 cases (1997-2005).

Objective: To determine clinical features, outcome, risk factors for death, and efficacy of IV administration of lidocaine as a prophylactic treatment for ischemic reperfusion injury in gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) in dogs.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: 112 dogs with GDV.

Non-invasive measurement of total respiratory compliance and resistance in cats.

We adapted non-invasive techniques developed for human infants to measure total respiratory system compliance (Crs) and resistance (Rrs) in 21 healthy cats. The animals breathed through a face mask attached to a respiratory circuit and measurements were taken of changes in lung volume and airway pressure during brief occlusions of the airway at different lung volumes. The slope of the plot of change in volume against airway pressure yielded the multiple occlusion Crs with a mean (+/-95%CI) value of 6.

Non-invasive forced expiratory flow-volume curves to measure lung function in cats.

Forced expiratory flow-volume curves were performed in 15 cats using the non-invasive thoracic compression techniques developed for use in human infants. Cats breathed through a face mask and pneumotachygraph from which flow and volume were obtained. Thoracic compression was applied from an inflatable bag in a non-expandable jacket surrounding the animal.

[The validity of Freud's concepts of neurosis in present diagnosis systems].

Anxiety as a symptom, syndrome and diagnosis is discussed, as well as its overlapping with the concept of neuroses. The original concepts of neuroses, neurasthenia and psychasthenia that have been coined since the eighteenth century are revised, as well as its evolution from Freud to DSM IV and ICD 10.

[A likely course of bipolar disorder: restituto ad integrum or defect. Second part].

Although the more favorable prognosis was essential to bipolar disorder, persisting alterations concerning psychosocial functioning and psychopathology are not rare. A number of patients develops persistent impairment, a fact that refers to the initial 25% of patients shown in the literature (through naturalistic and long-term studies) as having poor recovery. Present studies intend to correlate with a neuroanatomy and a neuropsychology of bipolar disorder.

[Psychiatric aspects of Epilepsy].

The classification of epileptic seizures is reviewed, emphasizing the clinical features of partial seizures with psychic symptoms. Psychiatric issues in epilepsy are also assessed, particularly affective disorders and psychosis. Although there currently is no internationally accepted syndromic classification for them, we expose recently proposed definitions.