Perinatal anoxia associated with sensorimotor restriction causes muscle atrophy and microglial activation: Meta-analysis of preclinical studies with implications for cerebral palsy.

Several experimental cerebral palsy models have been created to investigate cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in this condition and develop new therapeutic strategies. The model that has come closest to a motor phenotype similar to cerebral palsy is the one that combines perinatal anoxia with hindlimb sensorimotor restriction, as it induces visible changes at the peripheral and central levels. This systematic review with meta-analysis presents the impact of the cerebral palsy model that associates perinatal anoxia with hindlimb sensorimotor restriction on the nervous, muscular and skeletal systems.

Riboflavin as a potential new therapeutic agent for perinatal encephalopathies caused by cerebral oxygen deprivation.

: This letter to the editor presents suggestions for the therapeutic use of riboflavin in perinatal brain lesions caused by oxygen deprivation.: Clinical and preclinical studies using riboflavin conjugated with other components for the treatment of cerebral oxygen deprivation were included in the discussion.: Oxygen deprivation is predisposed by anoxia, hypoxia, or ischemia and causes severe early central damage, including sensorimotor impairment.

Neonatal high-dose riboflavin treatment channels energy expenditure towards sensorimotor and somatic development and reduces rodent growth and weight gain by modulating NRF-1 in the hypothalamus.

Metabolic adaptations early in life can drive energy expenditure towards brain and physical development, with less emphasis on body mass gain and somatic growth. Dietary or pharmacological manipulations can influence these processes, but to date, the effects provided by riboflavin have not been studied. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of neonatal treatment with different doses of riboflavin on sensorimotor and somatic development in rodents.

Vitamin D supplementation does not alter inflammatory markers in overweight and obese individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Chronic low-grade inflammation is a common feature of obesity and plays a crucial role in the progression of its complications. Vitamin D (VitD) plays an important role in modulating the immune response and regulating inflammation. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of isolated VitD supplementation on main inflammatory markers in overweight and obese individuals with no comorbidities and with VitD deficiency.

Early-life malnutrition role in memory, emotional behavior and motor impairments in early brain lesions with potential for neurodevelopmental disorders: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Objectives: The present study aims to evaluate the impact of early exposure to brain injury and malnutrition on episodic memory and behavior.

Methods: For this, a systematic review was carried out in the Medline/Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, and LILACS databases with no year or language restrictions.

Results: Initially, 1759 studies were detected.

Neonatal resveratrol treatment in cerebral palsy model recovers neurodevelopment impairments by restoring the skeletal muscle morphology and decreases microglial activation in the cerebellum.

Cerebral Palsy (CP) is the main motor disorder in childhood resulting from damage to the developing brain. Treatment perspectives are required to reverse the primary damage caused by the early insult and consequently to recover motor skills. Resveratrol has been shown to act as neuroprotection with benefits to skeletal muscle.

Effects of deficiency or supplementation of riboflavin on energy metabolism: a systematic review with preclinical studies.

Context: Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is a water-soluble micronutrient considered to be a precursor of the nucleotides flavin adenine dinucleotide and flavin mononucleotide. This vitamin makes up mitochondrial complexes and participates as an enzymatic cofactor in several mechanisms associated with energy metabolism.

Objective: This systematic review collected and discussed the most relevant results on the role of riboflavin in the energy metabolism of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates.

Effects of riboflavin in the treatment of brain damage caused by oxygen deprivation: an integrative systematic review.

Brain oxygen deprivation causes morphological damage involved in the formation of serious pathological conditions such as stroke and cerebral palsy. Therapeutic methods for post-hypoxia/anoxia injuries are limited and still have deficiencies in terms of safety and efficacy. Recently, clinical studies of stroke have reported the use of drugs containing riboflavin for post-injury clinical rehabilitation, however, the effects of vitamin B2 on exposure to cerebral oxygen deprivation are not completely elucidated.

Resveratrol Reduces Neuroinflammation and Hippocampal Microglia Activation and Protects Against Impairment of Memory and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Experimental Cerebral Palsy.

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by motor and postural impairments. However, early brain injury can promote deleterious effects on the hippocampus, impairing memory. This study aims to investigate the effects of resveratrol treatment on memory, anxiety-like behavior, and neuroinflammation markers in rats with CP.

Neonatal treatment with resveratrol decreases postural and strength impairments and improves mitochondrial function in the somatosensory cortex rats submitted to cerebral palsy.

Cerebral palsy is a neurodevelopmental disease characterized by postural, motor, and cognitive disorders, being one of the main causes of physical and intellectual disability in childhood. To minimize functional impairments, the use of resveratrol as a therapeutic strategy is highlighted due to its neuroprotective and antioxidant effects in different regions of the brain. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of neonatal treatment with resveratrol on postural development, motor function, oxidative balance, and mitochondrial biogenesis in the brain of rats submitted to a cerebral palsy model.

Effectiveness of Polyphenols on Perinatal Brain Damage: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies.

Polyphenol supplementation during early life has been associated with a reduction of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in diseases caused by oxygen deprivation, including cerebral palsy, hydrocephaly, blindness, and deafness. Evidence has shown that perinatal polyphenols supplementation may alleviate brain injury in embryonic, fetal, neonatal, and offspring subjects, highlighting its role in modulating adaptative responses involving phenotypical plasticity. Therefore, it is reasonable to infer that the administration of polyphenols during the early life period may be considered a potential intervention to modulate the inflammatory and oxidative stress that cause impairments in locomotion, cognitive, and behavioral functions throughout life.

Motor deficits are associated with increased glial cell activation in the hypothalamus and cerebellum of young rats subjected to cerebral palsy.

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a syndrome characterized by a wide range of sensory and motor damage, associated with behavioral and cognitive deficits. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of a model of CP using a combination of perinatal anoxia and sensorimotor restriction of hind paws to replicate motor, behavioral and neural deficits. A total of 30 of male Wistar rats were divided into Control (C, n = 15), and CP (CP, n = 15) groups.

Therapeutic advances for treating memory impairments in perinatal brain injuries with implications for cerebral palsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies.

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by damage to the immature brain. CP is considered the main cause of physical disability in childhood. Studies have shown that memory function and emotional behaviour are significantly impaired in CP.

Neonatal treatment with fluoxetine alters locomotor activity and the cortical glial/neuron index in rats with cerebral palsy.

Cerebral palsy (CP) is characterized by motor disorders, including deficits in locomotor activity, coordination, and balance. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have been shown to play an important role in brain plasticity. This study investigates the effect of neonatal treatment using fluoxetine on locomotor activity and histomorphometric parameters of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) in rats submitted to an experimental model of CP.

Corrigendum: Impact of vitamin D on cognitive functions in healthy individuals: A systematic review in randomized controlled clinical trials.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.

Neonatal kaempferol exposure attenuates impact of cerebral palsy model on neuromotor development, cell proliferation, microglia activation, and antioxidant enzyme expression in the hippocampus of rats.

Objectives: This study aims to assess the effect of neonatal treatment with kaempferol on neuromotor development, proliferation of neural precursor cells, the microglia profile, and antioxidant enzyme gene expression in the hippocampus.

Methods: A rat model of cerebral palsy was established using perinatal anoxia and sensorimotor restriction of hindlimbs during infancy. Kaempferol (1 mg/ kg) was intraperitoneally administered during the neonatal period.

Creatine supplementation to improve the peripheral and central inflammatory profile in cerebral palsy.

This opinion paper presents a brief review on the potential use of Creatine (Cr) to improve the inflammatory profile in individuals with Cerebral Palsy (CP). CP is a condition that causes muscle atrophy followed by reduced strength and altered muscle tone. The prevalence of chronic diseases is higher in people with CP due to this, which are often associated with peripheral inflammation, but there are no studies that have evaluated central inflammation in this condition.

Neonatal kaempferol exposure attenuates gait and strength deficits and prevents altered muscle phenotype in a rat model of cerebral palsy.

Cerebral palsy (CP) is characterized by brain damage at a critical period of development of the central nervous system, and, as a result, motor, behavioural and learning deficits are observed in those affected. Flavonoids such as kaempferol have demonstrated potential anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties for neurological disorders. This study aimed to assess the effects of neonatal treatment with kaempferol on the body development, grip strength, gait performance and morphological and biochemical phenotype of skeletal muscle in rats subjected to a model of CP.