Invariant Natural Killer T-cells and their subtypes may play a role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.

Objective: To evaluate the frequencies of iNKT cells and their subsets in patients with deep endometriosis.

Methods: A case-control study was conducted between 2013 and 2015, with 73 patients distributed into two groups: 47 women with a histological diagnosis of endometriosis and 26 controls. Peripheral blood, endometriosis lesions, and healthy peritoneal samples were collected on the day of surgery to determine the frequencies of iNKT cells and subtypes via flow cytometry analysis.