Novel kidney injury biomarkers in a large cohort of children with sickle cell anemia.

The aim of this study was to compare novel kidney injury biomarkers in sickle cell anemia (SCA) children with and without albuminuria or glomerular hyperfiltration. A total of 358 Brazilian children with SCA were studied. Fifteen kidney injury biomarkers in urine were measured.

Biomarkers in vesicoureteral reflux: an overview.

This article aimed to review the role of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and cellular adhesion molecules as biomarkers for vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and reflux nephropathy (RN). We reviewed articles from 1979 onward by searching PubMed and Scopus utilizing the combination of words: 'VUR' or 'RN' and each one of the biomarkers. Genetic, inflammatory, fibrogenic, environmental and epigenetic factors responsible for renal scarring need to be better understood.