Maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and the risk of childhood asthma by 10 years of age-Evidence from The Generation XXI birth cohort study.

Background: We aimed to investigate the association between maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and asthma in children by 10 years of age.

Methods: We considered 5585 mother-child pairs enrolled in a population-based birth cohort. Consumption of regular and decaffeinated coffee, black and green tea, and cola beverages before and during pregnancy was obtained through face-to-face interviews within 72 h after giving birth, and total caffeine intake (mg/day) was estimated.

Physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and childhood asthma: a European collaborative analysis.

Objectives: To investigate the associations of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour in early childhood with asthma and reduced lung function in later childhood within a large collaborative study.

Design: Pooling of longitudinal data from collaborating birth cohorts using meta-analysis of separate cohort-specific estimates and analysis of individual participant data of all cohorts combined.

Setting: Children aged 0-18 years from 26 European birth cohorts.

Obstructive sleep related breathing disorders and cardiometabolic risk factors - A Portuguese birth cohort.

Background: Pediatric obstructive sleep related breathing disorders (SRBD) are an important under-diagnosed health problem with associated cardiometabolic comorbidities, demonstrated with polysomnographic studies in selected samples. Our main goal was to assess the prevalence of SRBD in a population-based cohort and to analyze its association with cardiometabolic risk factors, in general and by sex.

Methods: Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) was applied to parents of 7-years-old children evaluated in the birth cohort, Generation XXI.

Flavonoids: the use in mental health and related diseases.

Given the current increase in mental and neurological disorders, there is an urgent need to develop alternative treatments for patients. Flavonoids exhibit diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective, and has been considered potential therapies for central nervous system diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, drug addiction, and stroke. Studies have shown that flavonoids protect neurons from oxidative stress, reduce inflammation, improve brain blood flow and enhance cognitive function.

Changes in screen time from 4 to 7 years of age, dietary patterns and obesity: Findings from the Generation XXI birth cohort.

Background And Aims: Increased screen exposure is associated with unhealthy eating behaviours and obesity. Screen time (ST) changes from pre-school to school age, and associations with dietary patterns (DP) and obesity remain unknown. We, therefore, analysed ST changes from 4 to 7 years of age, associated factors, and the relation with DP and obesity.

Food insecurity is associated with an unhealthy lifestyle score in middle- and older-aged adults: findings from the EPIPorto cohort.

The association of food insecurity with the combined effect of lifestyles is still limited. This study evaluated the association between food insecurity and a lifestyle score in middle- and older-aged adults. A cross-sectional study (2013-2016) was performed among 595 individuals (≥ 50 years) from the EPIPorto cohort (Porto, Portugal).

Using Digital Tools to Study the Health of Adults Born Preterm at a Large Scale: e-Cohort Pilot Study.

Background: Preterm birth is a global health concern. Its adverse consequences may persist throughout the life course, exerting a potentially heavy burden on families, health systems, and societies. In high-income countries, the first children who benefited from improved care are now adults entering middle age.

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels at 7 years old and cardio-metabolic factors at 10 and 13 years old - the generation XXI birth cohort.

Objectives: Premature adrenarche is often linked to a cluster of endocrine-metabolic risk factors. Our objective was to explore the association of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels at age 7 with cardio-metabolic traits at ages 10 and 13, independently of adiposity and pubertal stage.

Methods: Longitudinal study of 603 individuals (301 girls/302 boys) from the Generation XXI birth cohort.

Weight trajectories from birth to 5 years and child appetitive traits at 7 years of age: a prospective birth cohort study.

Rapid prenatal and postnatal weight gain seem to alter appetite regulation and hypothalamic functions through different pathways; however, little is known on how early life growth trajectories may influence appetitive traits in school-age. We aimed to explore the associations between weight trajectories from birth to 5 years and appetitive traits at 7. Participants were from the Generation XXI birth cohort ( 3855).

The effect of non-participation on the prevalence of food insecurity in a population-based cohort in Portugal.

Non-participation can be a source of selection bias. We evaluated the effect of non-participation on food insecurity prevalence among 2942 young adults from the EPITeen cohort (Portugal), which we have followed since assembling the cohort in 2003-2004. We conducted a cross-sectional study when the cohort participants were 26 years old.

Adverse childhood experiences, bullying, inflammation and BMI in 10-year-old children: The biological embodiment.

Exposure to adversity during the first years of life might already be biologically embedded well before adult life. Thus, the impact of different stressful experiences needs to be explored. This study aims to examine if the association between being victimized (adverse childhood experiences-ACEs and bullying) and (hs-) C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is explained by the influence of adversity on the body mass index (BMI) of the child.

Life course of retrospective harmonization initiatives: key elements to consider.

Optimizing research on the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) involves implementing initiatives maximizing the use of the available cohort study data; achieving sufficient statistical power to support subgroup analysis; and using participant data presenting adequate follow-up and exposure heterogeneity. It also involves being able to undertake comparison, cross-validation, or replication across data sets. To answer these requirements, cohort study data need to be findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR), and more particularly, it often needs to be harmonized.

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate levels at 7 years old are positively associated with more advanced pubertal development between 10 and 13 years old in girls.

Objective: We aimed to explore the association between dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) levels at age 7, pubertal development between ages 10 and 13, and age at menarche.

Design And Participants: This is a longitudinal study of 603 individuals (301 girls, 302 boys) from the Generation XXI cohort.

Measurements: Evaluation of the participants at ages 7, 10 and 13 included anthropometry and Tanner staging.

Green and blue spaces and lung function in the Generation XXI cohort: a life-course approach.

Background: Exposure to natural environments may affect respiratory health. This study examined the association of exposure to green and blue spaces with lung function in children, and assessed the mediation effect of air pollution and physical activity.

Methods: The study used data from the Generation XXI, a population-based birth cohort from the Porto Metropolitan Area (Portugal).

Prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences in the First Decade of Life: A Study in the Portuguese Cohort, Generation XXI.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are a modifiable risk factor for diseases throughout life. This study estimates the prevalence of ACEs in children, addressing associated sociodemographic characteristics and examining the relationship of ACEs with the child's health and behaviors. We used information on 5295 participants at 10 years old, of the birth cohort Generation XXI, established in Porto, Portugal.

Associations between children's reports of food insecurity and dietary patterns: findings from the Generation XXI birth cohort.

Evidence on the association between children's food insecurity (FI) and dietary patterns (DPs) is scarce. This study assessed the association between children's FI and and -defined DPs in a Portuguese population-based sample of children. A cross-sectional study including 2800 children from the 10-year-old follow-up of the Generation XXI birth cohort was performed.

The influence of item order of the Household Food Security Survey Module on the assessment of food insecurity in households with children.

Objective: Changes in the item order of the US Household Food Security Survey Module (USHFSSM) were performed throughout time. This study aimed to compare the psychometric properties of the general and specific factors of the 2000 and 2012 versions of the USHFSSM to measure the construct of food insecurity in two Portuguese samples of households with children.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Early-life respiratory tract infections and the risk of school-age lower lung function and asthma: a meta-analysis of 150 000 European children.

Background: Early-life respiratory tract infections might affect chronic obstructive respiratory diseases, but conclusive studies from general populations are lacking. Our objective was to examine if children with early-life respiratory tract infections had increased risks of lower lung function and asthma at school age.

Methods: We used individual participant data of 150 090 children primarily from the EU Child Cohort Network to examine the associations of upper and lower respiratory tract infections from age 6 months to 5 years with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV/FVC, forced expiratory flow at 75% of FVC (FEF) and asthma at a median (range) age of 7 (4-15) years.

Association between dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate levels at 7 years old and bone mineral density at 10 years old: a prospective cohort study.

Unlabelled: We aimed to explore the effect of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) at age 7 on areal bone mineral density (aBMD) at age 10 and to distinguish the direct and indirect effects (explained by sexual maturity and by aBMD at age 7), for each sex, after adjustment for body mass index (BMI) z-score. In a subsample of 274 children (139 girls, 135 boys) from Generation XXI cohort, aBMD was assessed with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan at ages 7 and 10. The increase in aBMD at age 10 for each 10 µg/dL increase in DHEAS levels at age 7 was estimated using path analysis.

Prioritization of ICU beds with renal replacement therapy support by court order and mortality in a Brazilian metropolitan area.

The shortage of intensive care unit (ICU) resources, including equipment and supplies for renal replacement therapy (RRT), is a critical problem in several countries. This study aimed to assess hospital mortality and associated factors in patients treated in public hospitals of the Federal District, Brazil, who requested admission to ICU with renal replacement therapy support (ICU-RRT) in court. Retrospective cohort study that included 883 adult patients treated in public hospitals of the Federal District who requested ICU-RRT admission in court from January 2017 to December 2018.

Persistent weight gain between 0 and 4 years of age is associated with higher dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate levels at 7 years old: Data from the Generation XXI birth cohort.

Objective: To assess the influence of longitudinal weight gain from 0 to 4 years old on dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) levels at 7 years old.

Design: DHEAS levels were measured at 7 years old in a subsample of 587 children from the Generation XXI birth cohort. Weight trajectories (0-4 years of age) were identified using model-based clustering and categorized as "normal weight gain," "weight gain during infancy," "weight gain during childhood" and "persistent weight gain.

Association between Land Use Mix and Respiratory Symptoms and Asthma in Children from the Generation XXI Birth Cohort.

Land use mix (LUM) in the neighbourhoods has been associated with healthier lifestyles. However, less is known about the association between LUM and health outcomes, namely during childhood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between different LUM indexes for Porto Metropolitan Area and asthma and respiratory symptoms in children.

Survey of data collection methods and retention strategies in European birth cohorts of children and adults born very preterm.

Background: The long-term follow-up of very preterm and very low birthweight cohorts contributes to valuable evidence to understand life-course outcomes in these vulnerable populations. However, attrition is a major challenge in long-term outcome studies. Examining the techniques used by existing cohorts may help to reveal practices that enhance willingness to continue participation over time.

Determinants of bedwetting trajectories between 4 and 7 years - A birth cohort analysis.

Introduction: Enuresis is frequent in school-aged children and results from a complex interaction between genetics, biological and psychosocial factors. This study aims to analyze bedwetting trajectories between 4 and 7 years of age and to evaluate the impact of biological and developmental characteristics of the child and sociodemographic factors in those bedwetting trajectories.

Methods: Data from 5433 children from the Generation XXI population-based birth cohort was analyzed.

Intensive Care Unit prioritization: The impact of ICU bed availability on mortality in critically ill patients who requested ICU admission in court in a Brazilian cohort.

Purpose: To assess hospital mortality in patients who requested ICU admission in court due to the scarcity of ICU beds in the Brazilian public health system and the consequences of these judicial litigations.

Material And Methods: Retrospective cohort study that included adult patients from the public health system of the Federal District, Brazil, who claimed ICU admission in court from January 2017 to December 2019.

Results: Of the 1752 patients, 1031 were admitted to ICU (58.