[Prolonged television exposure in children and adolescents: health effects and protection strategies].

Objective: Since COVID-19 pandemic, screen time (ST) seems to have increased among children and young people. There is controversy about its impact in the physical and mental well-being of children. The aim of this study was to analyse the possible influence of excessive ST on child health through a systematic review of the literature.

[Influencia de la pandemia de la COVID-19 en la distribución de la bronquiolitis aguda en España.].

Objective: Bronchiolitis is the leading cause of hospitalization in children under one year of age, with annual epidemics. Since the onset of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19), there has been a change in the transmission of other respiratory viruses. Our aim in this paper was to describe how COVID-19 had affected the distribution of acute bronchiolitis in our country.

Proteomic analysis of exosomes derived from human mature milk and colostrum of mothers with term, late preterm, or very preterm delivery.

The growth and development of the human brain is a long and complex process that requires a precise sequence of genetic and molecular events. This begins in the third week of gestation with the differentiation of neural progenitor cells and extends at least until late adolescence, possibly for life. One of the defects of this development is that we know very little about the signals that modulate this sequence of events.

Human Breast Milk microRNAs, Potential Players in the Regulation of Nervous System.

Human milk is the biological fluid with the highest exosome amount and is rich in microRNAs (miRNAs). These are key regulators of gene expression networks in both normal physiologic and disease contexts, miRNAs can influence many biological processes and have also shown promise as biomarkers for disease. One of the key aspects in the regeneration of the nervous system is that there are practically no molecules that can be used as potential drugs.

Analysis of the impact of social determinants and primary care morbidity on population health outcomes by combining big data: A research protocol.

Background: In recent years, different tools have been developed to facilitate analysis of social determinants of health (SDH) and apply this to health policy. The possibility of generating predictive models of health outcomes which combine a wide range of socioeconomic indicators with health problems is an approach that is receiving increasing attention. Our objectives are twofold: (1) to predict population health outcomes measured as hospital morbidity, taking primary care (PC) morbidity adjusted for SDH as predictors; and (2) to analyze the geographic variability of the impact of SDH-adjusted PC morbidity on hospital morbidity, by combining data sourced from electronic health records and selected operations of the National Statistics Institute ().

[Influence of donor profile on pre and post-pasteurization bacteriology of donated human milk].

Introduction: breastfeeding is the gold standard for infant's nutrition. Human milk bank is an essential tool to guarantee availability and safety in those situations when breastfeeding is not an option. The manipulation during the extraction of the human milk by the donors is a critical point to ensure an adequate microbiological safety.

Risk factors and bronchopulmonary dysplasia severity: data from the Spanish Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Research Network.

GEIDIS is a national-based research-net registry of patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) from public and private Spanish hospitals. It was created to provide data on the clinical characterization and follow-up of infants with BPD until adulthood. The purpose of this observational study was to analyze the characteristics and the impact of perinatal risk factors on BPD severity.

Summary of Recommendations and Key Points of the Consensus of Spanish Scientific Societies (SEPAR, SEMICYUC, SEMES; SECIP, SENEO, SEDAR, SENP) on the Use of Non-Invasive Ventilation and High-Flow Oxygen Therapy with Nasal Cannulas in Adult, Pediatric, and Neonatal Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Failure.

Non-invasive respiratory support (NIRS) in adult, pediatric, and neonatal patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF) comprises two treatment modalities, non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) and high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy. However, experts from different specialties disagree on the benefit of these techniques in different clinical settings. The objective of this consensus was to develop a series of good clinical practice recommendations for the application of non-invasive support in patients with ARF, endorsed by all scientific societies involved in the management of adult and pediatric/neonatal patients with ARF.

Differential clinic in children infected by SARS-CoV-2, traceability of contacts and cost-effectiveness of diagnostic tests: Cross-sectional observational study.

Introduction: Given the possible coexistence of infection by the SARS-CoV-2 with other seasonal infections, the aim is to identify differential symptoms. The role of children in intrafamily contagion and the sensitivity of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in an area with low community transmission has been studied.

Material And Methods: Cross-sectional observational study.

Assessment of biological matrices for the detection of in utero cannabis exposure.

Cannabis consumption has been increasing worldwide among pregnant women. Due to the negative effects of prenatal cannabis exposure, it is necessary to develop an objective, sensitive, and specific method to determine cannabinoids use during pregnancy. In this study, we compared four different biological samples, maternal hair, meconium, umbilical cord, and placenta, for the detection of in utero cannabis exposure.

The Predictive Value of Lung Ultrasound Scores in Developing Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Prospective Multicenter Diagnostic Accuracy Study.

Background: Different lung ultrasound (LUS) scanning protocols have been used, and the results in terms of diagnostic accuracy are heterogeneous.

Research Questions: What is the diagnostic accuracy of the LUS score to predict moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (msBPD)? Does scanning of posterior lung fields improve the diagnostic accuracy?

Study Design And Methods: This was a multicenter prospective, observational study in six centers. Two LUS aeration scores, one involving only anterolateral lung fields and the other adding the posterior fields were obtained at birth, on the third day of life (DOL), on the seventh DOL, on the 14th DOL, and on the 21st DOL.

[Differential clinic in children infected by SARS-CoV-2, traceability of contacts and cost-effectiveness of diagnostic tests: Cross-sectional observational study].

Introduction: Given the possible coexistence of infection by the SARS-CoV-2 with other seasonal infections, the aim is to identify differential symptoms. There has been studied the role of children in intrafamily contagion and the sensitivity of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in an area with low community transmission.

Material And Methods: Cross-sectional observational study.

Subtle olfactory dysfunction after SARS-CoV-2 virus infection in children.

Objectives: Anosmia/hyposomia have been described as early signs of COVID-19 infection in adults, including young asymptomatic patients who commonly refer olfactory disfunction as their only clinical manifestation. Very few studies involving paediatric age patients have been published until now. This study aims to determine the presence of olfactory dysfunction in children with COVID-19 infection through the use of a self-reported questionnaire and a new olfactory screening tool.

Drug testing in biological samples vs. maternal surveys for the detection of substance use during whole pregnancy.

Background: Early diagnosis of nicotine, ethanol and drug use during pregnancy is critical in order to provide adequate care. Current screening procedures show limitations in terms of reliability and short windows of detection.

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence and identify biomarkers of substance use and changes in substance use during pregnancy.

Risk factors associated with adverse fetal outcomes in pregnancies affected by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a secondary analysis of the WAPM study on COVID-19.

Objectives To evaluate the strength of association between maternal and pregnancy characteristics and the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnancies with laboratory confirmed COVID-19. Methods Secondary analysis of a multinational, cohort study on all consecutive pregnant women with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from February 1, 2020 to April 30, 2020 from 73 centers from 22 different countries. A confirmed case of COVID-19 was defined as a positive result on real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assay of nasal and pharyngeal swab specimens.

Assessment of Tobacco Exposure During Pregnancy by Meconium Analysis and Maternal Interview.

Smoking during pregnancy can have serious obstetric and fetal complications. Therefore, it is essential to identify in utero exposure to tobacco, being meconium the matrix of choice for this purpose. Meconium (n = 565) was analyzed for nicotine, cotinine and hydroxycotinine by LC-MS-MS.

The Practicality of Feeding Defatted Human Milk in the Treatment of Congenital Chylothorax.

Congenital chylothorax (CC) is a rare and life-threating condition. Since its treatment is founded on the elimination of long-chain fatty acids from the diet, breastfeeding has been traditionally contraindicated. However, breast milk could be very beneficial due to its immunological and nutritional benefits.

Acylcarnitine profile in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: The value of butyrylcarnitine as a prognostic marker.

Optimal prognostic markers evaluating early neuroprotective interventions in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) are lacking. This study was designed to assess the prognostic value of acylcarnitines in neonatal HIE.An observational cohort study was conducted over 10 years in 67 HIE.