[Optimization of follow up in prostate cancer active surveillance].

Objectives: Prostate cancer is a highly prevalent disease but with reduced cause-specific mortality. Active surveillance represents an alternative to postpone or avoid the potential sequelae derived from curative treatments in selected patients. The objective of this article is to review the diagnostic and follow-up methods for patients included in active surveillance programs.

[Priapism secondary to penis infiltration of bladder cancer].

Metastasic priapism is a rare entity produced by tumor cell implantation or direct infiltration of corpora cavernousum of the penis. In up to 80% of cases the primary tumor has an urological origen like prostate or bladder cancers. Treatment depends on syntomatology and patient's prognosis.

[Laparoscopic radical cystectomy in clinically localized (T2) bladder tumors].

Objectives: Laparoscopic radical cystectomy has been developed after the expansion of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. This technique makes possible a minimally invasive approach to muscle-invasive bladder cancer with less blood loss and faster postoperative recovery.

Methods: From September 2004 to January 2007, 54 laparoscopic radical cystectomies were performed, 48 of them in stage T2, from which 43 (90%) were male and 5 (10%) female patients.

[Urological outcome of patients with sacral agenesis: 20 years follow-up].

Objectives: Complete or partial sacral agenesis is a rare malformation consisting in the absence of one or more sacral vertebrae. It is part of a caudal regression syndrome and it may be associated with other congenital anomalies (Currarino Syndrome). It does not have an established etiology but is associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in the mother (1%).