AdultCarbQuiz for the Portuguese population with type 1 diabetes mellitus: translation, cultural adaptation and validation of its metabolic impact.

Aims: In type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), functional insulin therapy, based on carbohydrate (CH) counting and individualized insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio, is essential to achieve an adequate metabolic control. However, to date, few tools have been validated to assess patients' knowledge about CH counting, with the AdultCarbQuiz questionnaire having proved to be a reliable method in an American cohort. The aim of this study was to translate, culturally adapt and validate the AdultCarbQuiz questionnaire for the Portuguese population.