Evaluation of the accuracy and interobserver agreement of the reverse shoulder angle in the preoperative planning of reverse total shoulder arthroplasties.

Background: Differences in implant positioning between anatomical and reverse shoulder arthroplasties have raised concerns about the adequacy of assessing the global glenoid inclination (GGI) using the method described by Maurer to define the position of the metallic base in reverse shoulder arthroplasty. The reverse shoulder angle (RSA) has been proposed to measure the inclination of the lower half of the glenoid. This study aims to evaluate the interobserver agreement of manual measurements of the RSA using two-dimensional (2D) computed tomography (CT) images and its relationship with the automated measurement of the GGI.

Genetic Ablation and Pharmacological Blockade of Bradykinin B1 Receptor Unveiled a Detrimental Role for the Kinin System in Chagas Disease Cardiomyopathy.

Chagas disease, the parasitic infection caused by , afflicts about 6 million people in Latin America. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that may fuel heart parasitism by activating B1R, a G protein-coupled (brady) kinin receptor whose expression is upregulated in inflamed tissues. Studies in WT and B1R mice showed that DNA levels (15 days post infection-dpi) were sharply reduced in the transgenic heart.

Nursing Home Residence, Overweight and Cognitive Status are Related to Falls in Older Adults: A Cross-sectional Study.

Background: Nursing home residents are likely to differ from community older adults when their gait parameters are compared, as nursing home residents present more falls.

Aim: The study aim was to identify the main fall (occurrence predictors) (anthropometrics, functional and gait-related parameters) between older adults living in community and nursing homes during self-selected (SSWS) and fast walking speeds (FWS).

Methods: A hundred and sixty-five older adults were selected from the community (n = 92) and nursing home (n = 73) with and without fall history.

Cytotoxic CD4 T cells driven by T-cell intrinsic IL-18R/MyD88 signaling predominantly infiltrate -infected hearts.

Increasing attention has been directed to cytotoxic CD4 T cells (CD4CTLs) in different pathologies, both in humans and mice. The impact of CD4CTLs in immunity and the mechanisms controlling their generation, however, remain poorly understood. Here, we show that CD4CTLs abundantly differentiate during mouse infection with the intracellular parasite .

P045 Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in a Brazilian public healthcare clinic.

Background: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is an inflammatory and chronic disease, as well as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Current literature has shown that IBD patients are at high risk for NAFLD. In those patients, the pathogenesis of NAFLD may be more complex and related to multifactor causes, such as gut dysbiosis, unhealthy nutritional behavior, body composition and systemic inflammation.

Control of with imazamox and analysis of environmental indicators in microcosms.

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of imazamox for control of and to assess the effects of plant decomposition on environmental indicators after application of this herbicide in microcosm conditions. The following rates were used: 600, 700, 800 and 900 g ai ha and spray volume 50 L ha. Control efficacy was determined as the percentage (from 0 to 100%) of visible injury symptoms in the plants, biochemical and chemical oxygen demand (BOD and COD), water quality variables, chlorophyll and pheophytin at 0, 7, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after application (DAA) and fresh and dry biomass at 60 DAA.

Surface megalin expression is a target to the inhibitory effect of bradykinin on the renal albumin endocytosis.

Megalin-mediated albumin endocytosis plays a critical role in albumin reabsorption in proximal tubule (PT) epithelial cells (PTECs). Some studies have pointed out the modulatory effect of bradykinin (BK) on urinary protein excretion, but its role in PT protein endocytosis has not yet been determined. Here, we studied the possible correlation between BK and albumin endocytosis in PT.

Recombinant human DNase I for the treatment of cancer-associated thrombosis: A pre-clinical study.

Cancer patients are more likely to develop thrombosis, and this co-morbidity is related to the worse prognosis of the disease. The increased formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) has been proposed as one of the mechanisms to explain cancer-associated thrombosis. In vivo, degradation of NETs with recombinant human DNase I (rhDNase I) prevents thrombus formation in mouse models.

Dietary Fiber Drives IL-1β-Dependent Peritonitis Induced by via Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome.

Intestinal barrier is essential for dietary products and microbiota compartmentalization and therefore gut homeostasis. When this barrier is broken, cecal content overflows into the peritoneal cavity, leading to local and systemic robust inflammatory response, characterizing peritonitis and sepsis. It has been shown that IL-1β contributes with inflammatory storm during peritonitis and sepsis and its inhibition has beneficial effects to the host.

Electrostatic spraying of imazamox to control the floating aquatic plant and its effects on environmental indicators of water quality.

This study aimed to assess, in a microcosm condition, the efficacy of electrostatic spraying of herbicide imazamox in the control of and the effects of decomposition of plant material on water quality. The herbicide rates used were 600, 700, 800, and 900 g ai ha and spray volume of 50 L ha in electrostatic application. Control effectiveness was assessed at 7, 15, 30, 45, and 60 days after application (DAA), expressed in percentage (0-100%) of visible injury symptoms in the plants, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), chlorophyll and pheophytin contents at 0, 7, 15, 30, 45, and 60 DAA, and fresh and dry biomass at 60 DAA.

Is Ataxia an Underestimated Symptom of Huntington's Disease?

Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive disorder characterized by motor, cognitive and psychiatric features. Cerebellar ataxia is classically considered as uncommon in HD clinical spectrum. To determine the prevalence of cerebellar ataxia in patients with HD, both in the early and in the late stages of HD.

IL-18R signaling is required for γδ T cell response and confers resistance to Trypanosoma cruzi infection.

IFN-γ-producing γδ T cells have been suggested to play an important role in protection against infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. However, little is known about the mechanisms leading to functional differentiation of this T cell subset in this model. In the current work, we investigated the possibility that the IL-18/MyD88 pathway is central for the generation of effector γδ T cells, playing a role for resistance against infection.

Long-Term Lead Exposure Since Adolescence Causes Proteomic and Morphological Alterations in the Cerebellum Associated with Motor Deficits in Adult Rats.

Lead (Pb) is an environmental contaminant that presents a high risk for human health. We aimed to investigate the possible alterations triggered by the exposure to Pb acetate for a long period in motor performance and the possible relationship with biochemical, proteomic and morphological alterations in the cerebellum of rats. Male Wistar rats were exposed for 55 days, at 50 mg/Kg of Pb acetate, and the control animals received distilled water.

Intrauterine Device Insertion during Cesarean Section in Women without Prenatal Contraception Counseling: Lessons from a Country with High Cesarean Rates.

Objective:  The moment of admission for delivery may be inappropriate for offering an intrauterine device (IUD) to women without prenatal contraception counseling. However, in countries with high cesarean rates and deficient prenatal contraception counseling, this strategy may reduce unexpected pregnancies and repeated cesarean sections.

Methods:  This was a prospective cohort study involving 100 women without prenatal contraception counseling.

CD43 sialoglycoprotein modulates cardiac inflammation and murine susceptibility to Trypanosoma cruzi infection.

CD43 (leukosialin) is a large sialoglycoprotein abundantly expressed on the surface of most cells from the hematopoietic lineage. CD43 is directly involved in the contact between cells participating in a series of events such as signaling, adherence and host parasite interactions. In this study we examined the role of CD43 in the immune response against Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan parasite that causes Chagas' disease, a potential life-threatening illness endemic in 21 Latin American countries according to the WHO.

Vaccination With Recombinant Filamentous Phages Against Parasite Infection Requires TLR9 Expression.

Recombinant filamentous bacteriophages (r) expressing antigenic peptides were shown to induce cell-mediated immune responses in the absence of added adjuvant, being a promising delivery system for vaccination. Here, we tested the capacity of r phages to protect against infection with the human protozoan , the etiologic agent of Chagas Disease. For this, C57BL/6 (B6) and mice were vaccinated with r phages expressing the OVA peptide or the -immunodominant peptides PA8 and TSKB20 and challenged with either the Y-OVA or Y-strain, respectively.

Primary evidence of the mechanisms of action of HIV aspartyl peptidase inhibitors on Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigote forms.

The development of HIV aspartyl peptidase inhibitors (HIV-PIs) and their introduction into AIDS therapy preceded a significant decrease in the incidence, morbidity and mortality of relevant protozoan co-infections. However, few data are available about how HIV-PIs act on pathogenic parasites, such as Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to evaluate different physiological aspects of the treatment of the infective trypomastigote forms of T.

Erratum: Gut microbial metabolites limit the frequency of autoimmune T cells and protect against type 1 diabetes.

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/ni.3713.

Crucial role for T cell-intrinsic IL-18R-MyD88 signaling in cognate immune response to intracellular parasite infection.

MyD88 is the main adaptor molecule for TLR and IL-1R family members. Here, we demonstrated that T-cell intrinsic MyD88 signaling is required for proliferation, protection from apoptosis and expression of activation/memory genes during infection with the intracellular parasite , as evidenced by transcriptome and cytometry analyses in mixed bone-marrow (BM) chimeras. The lack of direct IL-18R signaling in T cells, but not of IL-1R, phenocopied the absence of the MyD88 pathway, indicating that IL-18R is a critical MyD88-upstream pathway involved in the establishment of the Th1 response against an infection, a presently controvert subject.

Mast Cell Coupling to the Kallikrein-Kinin System Fuels Intracardiac Parasitism and Worsens Heart Pathology in Experimental Chagas Disease.

During the course of Chagas disease, infectious forms of are occasionally liberated from parasitized heart cells. Studies performed with tissue culture trypomastigotes (TCTs, Dm28c strain) demonstrated that these parasites evoke neutrophil/CXCR2-dependent microvascular leakage by activating innate sentinel cells toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). Upon plasma extravasation, proteolytically derived kinins and C5a stimulate immunoprotective Th1 responses cross-talk between bradykinin B2 receptors (B2Rs) and C5aR.

Gut microbial metabolites limit the frequency of autoimmune T cells and protect against type 1 diabetes.

Gut dysbiosis might underlie the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. In mice of the non-obese diabetic (NOD) strain, we found that key features of disease correlated inversely with blood and fecal concentrations of the microbial metabolites acetate and butyrate. We therefore fed NOD mice specialized diets designed to release large amounts of acetate or butyrate after bacterial fermentation in the colon.