Inhibition of Efflux Pumps by Monoterpene (α-pinene) and Impact on Resistance to Tetracycline and Erythromycin.

Introduction: Infectious diseases have been responsible for an increasing number of deaths worldwide. Staphylococcus aureus has been recognized as one of the most notable causative agents of severe infections, while efflux pump (EP) expression is one of the main mechanisms associated with S. aureus resistance to antibiotics.

GC-MS Profile and Enhancement of Antibiotic Activity by the Essential Oil of and Safrole: Inhibition of Efflux Pumps.

Considering the evidence that essential oils, as well as safrole, could modulate bacterial growth in different resistant strains, this study aims to characterize the phytochemical profile and evaluate the antibacterial and antibiotic-modulating properties of the essential oil (EOOO) and safrole against efflux pump (EP)-carrying strains. The EOOO was extracted by hydrodistillation, and the phytochemical analysis was performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antibacterial and antibiotic-modulating activities of the EOOO and safrole against resistant strains of and were analyzed through the broth microdilution method.