Diagnostic Approach to Interstitial Lung Diseases Associated with Connective Tissue Diseases.

Interstitial lung disorders are a group of respiratory diseases characterized by interstitial compartment infiltration, varying degrees of infiltration, and fibrosis, with or without small airway involvement. Although some are idiopathic (e.g.

A Polygenic Risk Score for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Interstitial Lung Abnormalities.

In addition to rare genetic variants and the locus, common genetic variants contribute to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) risk. The predictive power of common variants outside the locus for IPF and interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) is unknown. We tested the predictive value of IPF polygenic risk scores (PRSs) with and without the region on IPF, ILA, and ILA progression.

Tropical butterflies use thermal buffering and thermal tolerance as alternative strategies to cope with temperature increase.

Climate change poses a severe threat to many taxa, with increased mean temperatures and frequency of extreme weather events predicted. Insects can respond to high temperatures using behaviour, such as angling their wings away from the sun or seeking cool local microclimates to thermoregulate or through physiological tolerance. In a butterfly community in Panama, we compared the ability of adult butterflies from 54 species to control their body temperature across a range of air temperatures (thermal buffering ability), as well as assessing the critical thermal maxima for a subset of 24 species.

Thermoregulatory ability and mechanism do not differ consistently between neotropical and temperate butterflies.

Climate change is a major threat to species worldwide, yet it remains uncertain whether tropical or temperate species are more vulnerable to changing temperatures. To further our understanding of this, we used a standardised field protocol to (1) study the buffering ability (ability to regulate body temperature relative to surrounding air temperature) of neotropical (Panama) and temperate (the United Kingdom, Czech Republic and Austria) butterflies at the assemblage and family level, (2) determine if any differences in buffering ability were driven by morphological characteristics and (3) used ecologically relevant temperature measurements to investigate how butterflies use microclimates and behaviour to thermoregulate. We hypothesised that temperate butterflies would be better at buffering than neotropical butterflies as temperate species naturally experience a wider range of temperatures than their tropical counterparts.

A Case Series of Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum With/Without Pneumothorax in COVID-19.

With the previous worldwide initial coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a notable rise in spontaneous pneumomediastinum with/without pneumothorax (SPP) has been noted. Most cases were initially reported as complications secondary to barotrauma from mechanical ventilation (MV) with COVID-19. However, with the Delta strain, starting from December 2020, there have been multiple reports of SPP.

Clinical features and outcomes of interstitial lung disease in anti-Jo-1 positive antisynthetase syndrome.

Background: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a common extra-muscular manifestation of antisynthetase (AS) syndrome. ILD prevalence is higher with anti-Jo-1 antibody positivity. Data on long-term outcomes in these patients are lacking.

Amyloid-associated Cystic Lung Disease.

Background: Amyloid-associated cystic lung disease is rare. It can be associated with collagen vascular disease (CVD). We aimed to describe the clinical, radiology, and pathology findings of this entity.

Silicone injection causing acute pneumonitis: a case series.

Local and systemic complications following injected silicone have been described, especially after cosmetic procedures by unlicensed practitioners. We report a retrospective case series of acute pneumonitis following silicone injection to the buttock. Medical records, pulmonary function tests, blood arterial gases, chest radiographs, and high-resolution computed tomography scans were reviewed.

[Familial pulmonary fibrosis in 2 Mexican sisters with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome].

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder commonly found in individuals of Puerto Rican ancestry. We present 2 cases of familial pulmonary fibrosis in 2 Mexican sisters with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. Pulmonary fibrosis was biopsy-proven in 1 of the patients.

Transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) 1 gene polymorphisms in patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is a lung inflammatory disease caused by the inhalation of a variety of antigens. Previous studies support the role of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II genes in the susceptibility to develop HP. However, the putative role of other MHC loci has not been elucidated.

Functional diversity of T-cell subpopulations in subacute and chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Rationale: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) exhibits a diverse outcome. Patients with acute/subacute HP usually improve, whereas patients with chronic disease often progress to fibrosis. However, the mechanisms underlying this difference are unknown.

Use of mycophenolate mofetil to treat scleroderma-associated interstitial lung disease.

Up to 80% of patients with scleroderma have lung disease, with interstitial lung disease (ILD) being the most common manifestation. Currently, there is no definitive therapy for this condition. The objective of the study is to investigate the use of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) to treat scleroderma interstitial ILD.