The global diet quality score as an indicator of adequate nutrient intake and dietary quality - a nation-wide representative study.

Background: The Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS) was developed to be a simple, timely and cost-effective tool to track, simultaneously, nutritional deficiency and non-communicable disease risks from diet in diverse settings. The objective was to investigate the performance of GDQS as an indicator of adequate nutrient intake and dietary quality in a national-representative sample of the Brazilian population.

Methods: Nationally-representative data from 44,744 men and non-pregnant and non-lactating women aging ≥ 10 years, from the Brazilian National Dietary Survey were used.

The Use of Herbal Medicines Among Cancer Patients.

Background and objective The use of herbal medicines has been increasing among cancer patients, as a way to control cancer and treatment-related symptoms; however, many patients are reluctant to disclose this use to their medical practitioners. The fact that oncological treatments have a narrow therapeutic margin, associated with the lack of control and clinical evidence concerning these supplements, makes medication-herbal interactions a reality. These interactions could lead to increased toxicity or a decreased effectiveness of oncological treatment.

Association of physical activity and sitting with metabolic syndrome and hyperglycemic clamp parameters in adolescents - BRAMS pediatric study.

Introduction: Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) have immediate and long-term consequences on adolescent health and well-being. Among the available treatments for MetS in adolescents, behavioral interventions such as increasing physical activity (PA) are preferred. This study aimed to investigate the association of PA and sitting time with MetS and a complete set of metabolic health parameters.

Her2 Status Discrepancy Between Core Needle Biopsy and Surgically Resected Mastectomy Specimen: A Clinical Case.

The biomarker concordance between core needle biopsy (CNB) and surgical specimen (SS), in breast cancer, has long been a matter of discussion because of its influence on oncologic treatment choice. Particularly, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2) status is quite important, because of the impact on breast cancer classification and target therapy. Many factors could influence the difference in biomarker status between samples, such as the technic itself, sample procedures and intratumoral heterogeneity.

Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis in gastric cancer: a case report of a rare yet aggressive entity.

Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LMC) is exceedingly rare in gastric cancer. It is most commonly seen in breast, lung cancer and melanoma, and is associated with an extremely poor prognosis. If untreated, median overall survival is four to six weeks.

Jabuticaba juice improves postprandial glucagon-like peptide-1 and antioxidant status in healthy adults: a randomized crossover trial.

Jabuticaba is a Brazilian berry rich in polyphenols, which may exert beneficial effects on metabolic diseases. This randomized crossover study aimed to determine the effects of jabuticaba juice (250 ml in a portion) on postprandial response. Sixteen healthy subjects (11 women; 5 men; 28.

COVID-19 and aging: Identifying measures of severity.

Introduction: We aimed to compare clinical features of older age group and young and middle-aged patients with COVID-19 and analyze mortality predictors.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of ongoing collection of prespecified data, on a single institution, including patients hospitalized consecutively due to COVID-19 infection, from March to June 2020.

Results: Of 195 patients, 56.

Interleukin-17 acts in the hypothalamus reducing food intake.

Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is expressed in the intestine in response to changes in the gut microbiome landscape and plays an important role in intestinal and systemic inflammatory diseases. There is evidence that dietary factors can also modify the expression of intestinal IL-17. Here, we hypothesized that, similar to several other gut-produced factors, IL-17 may act in the hypothalamus to modulate food intake.

Long-Term Outcomes of Biliopancreatic Diversion on Glycemic Control, Insulin Sensitivity and Beta Cell Function.

Background: We aimed to assess the long-term outcomes of biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) surgery on glycemic control, insulin sensitivity (IS), and beta cell function using complementary oral and intravenous dynamic tests.

Methods: A total of 57 women were divided into three groups: 19 lean, 18 obese (both groups with normal glucose tolerance (NGT)), and 20 obese with type 2 diabetes who underwent BPD and were reassessed 12 months after the procedure. OGTTs and hyperglycemic clamps (HG) were performed.

Hypertriglyceridemic Waist Phenotype Indicates Insulin Resistance in Adolescents According to the Clamp Technique in the BRAMS Study.

Objective: This study aimed to identify cutoff points for detecting hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype (HTWP) in adolescents and to investigate the association of the HTWP with insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome components.

Methods: A multicentric cross-sectional study of 861 adolescents (10-19 years of age, 504 girls) was conducted. Pubertal stage, anthropometric, and laboratory parameters were assessed.

The HOMA-Adiponectin (HOMA-AD) Closely Mirrors the HOMA-IR Index in the Screening of Insulin Resistance in the Brazilian Metabolic Syndrome Study (BRAMS).

Background: The major adverse consequences of obesity are associated with the development of insulin resistance (IR) and adiposopathy. The Homeostasis Model Assessment-Adiponectin (HOMA-AD) was proposed as a modified version of the HOMA1-IR, which incorporates adiponectin in the denominator of the index.

Objectives: To evaluate the performance of the HOMA-AD index compared with the HOMA1-IR index as a surrogate marker of IR in women, and to establish the cutoff value of the HOMA-AD.

Association of Sleep Deprivation With Reduction in Insulin Sensitivity as Assessed by the Hyperglycemic Clamp Technique in Adolescents.

Importance: The association between short sleep duration and decreased insulin sensitivity in adolescents has been described. However, to our knowledge, no studies have investigated this association measuring insulin sensitivity by the hyperglycemic clamp technique.

Objectives: To compare the distributions of parameters of insulin resistance in adolescents with sleep deprivation vs adequate sleep, and to investigate the association between sleep deprivation and insulin sensitivity.

Sagittal Abdominal Diameter as a Surrogate Marker of Insulin Resistance in an Admixtured Population--Brazilian Metabolic Syndrome Study (BRAMS).

Background: Sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) has been proposed as a surrogate marker of insulin resistance (IR). However, the utilization of SAD requires specific validation for each ethnicity. We aimed to investigate the potential use of SAD, compared with classical anthropometrical parameters, as a surrogate marker of IR and to establish the cutoff values of SAD for screening for IR.

Recovery of the incretin effect in type 2 diabetic patients after biliopancreatic diversion.

Context: Bariatric surgery often results in remission of the diabetic state in obese patients. Increased incretin effect seems to play an important role in the glycemic improvements after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, but the impact of biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) remains unexplored.

Objective: The objective was to elucidate the effect of BPD on the incretin effect and its interplay with beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity (IS) in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Serum levels of retinol binding protein 4 in women with different levels of adiposity and glucose tolerance.

Objective: Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is an adipokine responsible for vitamin A (retinol) transportation. Studies associated RBP4 increased levels with severity of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and insulin resistance (IR). The study aimed to quantify RBP4 serum standards in women with a wide range of body mass index (BMI) and glucose tolerance level.

Epicardial and pericardial fat in type 2 diabetes: favourable effects of biliopancreatic diversion.

Purpose: Ectopic fat is often identified in obese subjects who are susceptible to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The ectopic fat favours the decrease in insulin sensitivity (IS) and adiponectin levels. We aimed to evaluate the effect of biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) on the accumulation of ectopic fat, adiponectin levels and IS in obese with T2DM.

Biochemical, anthropometric and body composition indicators as predictors of hepatic steatosis in obese adolescents.

Objective: To describe the prevalence of hepatic steatosis and to assess the performance of biochemical, anthropometric and body composition indicators for hepatic steatosis in obese teenagers.

Methods: Cross-sectional study including 79 adolecents aged from ten to 18 years old. Hepatic steatosis was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasound in case of moderate or intense hepatorenal contrast and/or a difference in the histogram ≥7 on the right kidney cortex.

Neck circumference as a new anthropometric indicator for prediction of insulin resistance and components of metabolic syndrome in adolescents: Brazilian Metabolic Syndrome Study.

Objective: To evaluate the correlation between neck circumference and insulin resistance and components of metabolic syndrome in adolescents with different adiposity levels and pubertal stages, as well as to determine the usefulness of neck circumference to predict insulin resistance in adolescents.

Methods: Cross-sectional study with 388 adolescents of both genders from ten to 19 years old. The adolescents underwent anthropometric and body composition assessment, including neck and waist circumferences, and biochemical evaluation.

Impaired incretin secretion and pancreatic dysfunction with older age and diabetes.

Objective: To estimate the impact of aging and diabetes on insulin sensitivity, beta-cell function, adipocytokines, and incretin production.

Methods: Hyperglycemic clamps, arginine tests and meal tolerance tests were performed in 50 non-obese subjects to measure insulin sensitivity (IS) and insulin secretion as well as plasma levels of glucagon, GLP-1 and GIP. Patients with diabetes and healthy control subjects were divided into the following groups: middle-aged type 2 diabetes (MA-DM), aged Type 2 diabetes (A-DM) and middle-aged or aged subjects with normal glucose tolerance (MA-NGT or A-NGT).

Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in obese adolescents.

Objective: To verify the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in obese adolescents and its relationship with different body composition indicators.

Methods: A cross-sectional study comprising 79 adolescents aged ten to 18 years old. The assessed body composition indicators were: body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, abdominal circumference, and subcutaneous fat.

Sagittal abdominal diameter as a marker for epicardial adipose tissue in premenopausal women.

Objective: Accumulation of epicardial (EAT) adipose tissue is associated with the development of an unfavorable metabolic risk profile. Gold standard methods used to assess this fat depot are not routinely applicable in the clinic. Anthropometric measures, including the sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), have emerged as surrogate markers of visceral obesity.

Obesity and excess protein and carbohydrate consumption are risk factors for thyroid cancer.

Conflicting data concerning the association between obesity and differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) may be attributed to the lack of records showing dietary intake and inadequate evaluation of nutrient composition. We evaluated 115 DTC patients carefully paired with 103 healthy control individuals by using a structured questionnaire, including a 24-h recordatory during 3 days, to investigate calorie intake and macronutrient (proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids) composition of the diet. We observed that excess weight (body mass index > 25 kg/m(2)) increased individual susceptibility to DTC [odds ratio (OR) = 3.

Neck circumference as a simple tool for identifying the metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance: results from the Brazilian Metabolic Syndrome Study.

Objective: To investigate the relationship of the neck circumference (NC) with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and insulin resistance (IR) in a large Brazilian population-based sample, within a wide range of adiposity and glucose tolerance, and to establish cut-off values of the NC for MetS and IR.

Context: The NC correlates with cardiovascular risk factors, IR and components of MetS. Upper-body subcutaneous (sc) fat, as estimated by the NC, is associated with cardiovascular risk factors as much as abdominal fat, which is usually estimated by the waist circumference (WC).

TyG index performs better than HOMA in a Brazilian population: a hyperglycemic clamp validated study.

The TyG index was evaluated as a surrogate method for estimation of insulin resistance (IR). TyG index correlated with adiposity, metabolic and atherosclerosis markers related to IR and presented a moderate degree of agreement with hyperglycemic clamp. TyG index represents an accessible tool for assessment of IR in clinical practice.