Ectopic expression of a truncated NLR gene from wild enhances resistance to .

causes devastating vascular wilt diseases in numerous crop species, resulting in substantial yield losses. The - (FOC) model system enables the identification of meaningful genotype-phenotype correlations and was applied in this study to evaluate the effects of overexpressing an NLR gene () from against pathogen infection. overexpression (OE) lines exhibited enhanced resistance to FOC without any discernible phenotype penalties.

The Stilbene Synthase Family in : A Genome-Wide Study and Functional Characterization in Response to Stress.

Peanut () and its wild relatives are among the few species that naturally synthesize resveratrol, a well-known stilbenoid phytoalexin that plays a crucial role in plant defense against biotic and abiotic stresses. Resveratrol has received considerable attention due to its health benefits, such as preventing and treating various human diseases and disorders. Chalcone (CHS) and Stilbene (STS) Synthases are plant-specific type III Polyketide Synthases (PKSs) that share the same substrates and are key branch enzymes in the biosynthesis of flavonoids and stilbenoids, respectively.

An ex vitro hairy root system from petioles of detached soybean leaves for in planta screening of target genes and CRISPR strategies associated with nematode bioassays.

The ex vitro hairy root system from petioles of detached soybean leaves allows the functional validation of genes using classical transgenesis and CRISPR strategies (e.g., sgRNA validation, gene activation) associated with nematode bioassays.

A novel soybean hairy root system for gene functional validation.

Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation has long been explored as a versatile and reliable method for gene function validation in many plant species, including soybean (Glycine max). Likewise, detached-leaf assays have been widely used for rapid and mass screening of soybean genotypes for disease resistance. The present study combines these two methods to establish an efficient and practical system to generate transgenic soybean hairy roots from detached leaves and their subsequent culture under ex vitro conditions.

Engineering Resistance against Using a Truncated NLR (TNx) and a Defense-Priming Gene.

The association of both cell-surface PRRs (Pattern Recognition Receptors) and intracellular receptor NLRs (Nucleotide-Binding Leucine-Rich Repeat) in engineered plants have the potential to activate strong defenses against a broad range of pathogens. Here, we describe the identification, characterization, and in planta functional analysis of a novel truncated NLR (TNx) gene from the wild species (), with a protein structure lacking the C-terminal LRR (Leucine Rich Repeat) domain involved in pathogen perception. Overexpression of in tobacco plants led to a significant reduction in infection caused by , with a further reduction in pyramid lines containing an expansin-like B gene () potentially involved in defense priming.

Transcriptome Responses of Wild to UV-C Exposure Reveal Genes Involved in General Plant Defense and Priming.

Stress priming is an important strategy for enhancing plant defense capacity to deal with environmental challenges and involves reprogrammed transcriptional responses. Although ultraviolet (UV) light exposure is a widely adopted approach to elicit stress memory and tolerance in plants, the molecular mechanisms underlying UV-mediated plant priming tolerance are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the changes in the global transcriptome profile of wild leaves in response to UV-C exposure.

Ectopic expression of an expansin-like B gene from wild Arachis enhances tolerance to both abiotic and biotic stresses.

Plant expansins are structural cell wall-loosening proteins implicated in several developmental processes and responses to environmental constraints and pathogen infection. To date, there is limited information about the biological function of expansins-like B (EXLBs), one of the smallest and less-studied subfamilies of plant expansins. In the present study, we conducted a functional analysis of the wild Arachis AdEXLB8 gene in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants to clarify its putative role in mediating defense responses to abiotic and biotic stresses.

Comparative Genomics Reveals Novel Target Genes towards Specific Control of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes.

Plant-parasitic nematodes cause extensive annual yield losses to worldwide agricultural production. Most cultivated plants have no known resistance against nematodes and the few bearing a resistance gene can be overcome by certain species. Chemical methods that have been deployed to control nematodes have largely been banned from use due to their poor specificity and high toxicity.

Characterization of raffinose metabolism genes uncovers a wild Arachis galactinol synthase conferring tolerance to abiotic stresses.

Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) are implicated in plant regulatory mechanisms of abiotic stresses tolerance and, despite their antinutritional proprieties in grain legumes, little information is available about the enzymes involved in RFO metabolism in Fabaceae species. In the present study, the systematic survey of legume proteins belonging to five key enzymes involved in the metabolism of RFOs (galactinol synthase, raffinose synthase, stachyose synthase, alpha-galactosidase, and beta-fructofuranosidase) identified 28 coding-genes in Arachis duranensis and 31 in A. ipaënsis.

Presence of resveratrol in wild Arachis species adds new value to this overlooked genetic resource.

Genus Arachis comprises 82 species distributed into nine taxonomic sections. Most Arachis species are wild and those from Arachis section have been evaluated for many traits, since they can be used in peanut breeding. Most of the remaining species have been neglected and understudied.

Evolutionarily conserved plant genes responsive to root-knot nematodes identified by comparative genomics.

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs, genus Meloidogyne) affect a large number of crops causing severe yield losses worldwide, more specifically in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Several plant species display high resistance levels to Meloidogyne, but a general view of the plant immune molecular responses underlying resistance to RKNs is still lacking. Combining comparative genomics with differential gene expression analysis may allow the identification of widely conserved plant genes involved in RKN resistance.

Proteomics unravels new candidate genes for Meloidogyne resistance in wild Arachis.

Arachis stenosperma is a wild peanut relative exclusive to South America that harbors high levels of resistance against several pathogens, including the peanut root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne arenaria. In this study, a proteomic survey of A. stenosperma-M.

Contrasting Effects of Wild Dehydrin Under Abiotic and Biotic Stresses.

Plant dehydrins (DNHs) belong to the LEA (Late Embryogenesis Abundant) protein family and are involved in responses to multiple abiotic stresses. DHNs are classified into five subclasses according to the organization of three conserved motifs (K-; Y-; and S-segments). In the present study, the DHN protein family was characterized by molecular phylogeny, exon/intron organization, protein structure, and tissue-specificity expression in eight Fabaceae species.

Comparative proteomics and gene expression analysis in Arachis duranensis reveal stress response proteins associated to drought tolerance.

Peanut wild relatives (Arachis spp.) have high genetic diversity and are important sources of resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, proteins were analyzed in root tissues of A.

Comparative root transcriptome of wild Arachis reveals NBS-LRR genes related to nematode resistance.

Background: The Root-Knot Nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne arenaria, significantly reduces peanut grain quality and yield worldwide. Whilst the cultivated species has low levels of resistance to RKN and other pests and diseases, peanut wild relatives (Arachis spp.) show rich genetic diversity and harbor high levels of resistance to many pathogens and environmental constraints.

Early responses to dehydration in contrasting wild Arachis species.

Wild peanut relatives (Arachis spp.) are genetically diverse and were selected throughout evolution to a range of environments constituting, therefore, an important source of allelic diversity for abiotic stress tolerance. In particular, A.

The genome structure of (Linnaeus, 1753) and an induced allotetraploid revealed by molecular cytogenetics.

Peanut, (Linnaeus, 1753) is an allotetraploid cultivated plant with two subgenomes derived from the hybridization between two diploid wild species, (Krapovickas & W. C. Gregory, 1994) and (Krapovickas & W.

Ex vitro hairy root induction in detached peanut leaves for plant-nematode interaction studies.

Background: Peanut () production is largely affected by a variety of abiotic and biotic stresses, including the root-knot nematode (RKN) that causes yield losses worldwide. Transcriptome studies of wild species, which harbor resistance to a number of pests and diseases, disclosed several candidate genes for resistance. Peanut is recalcitrant to genetic transformation, so the use of -derived hairy roots emerged as an alternative for in-root functional characterization of these candidate genes.

Phenotypic effects of allotetraploidization of wild and their implications for peanut domestication.

Premise Of The Study: Several species of have been cultivated for their edible seeds, historically and to the present day. The diploid species that have a history of cultivation show relatively small signatures of domestication. In contrast, the tetraploid species evolved into highly domesticated forms and became a major world crop, the cultivated peanut.

Genome-wide analysis of expansin superfamily in wild Arachis discloses a stress-responsive expansin-like B gene.

Expansins are plant cell wall-loosening proteins involved in adaptive responses to environmental stimuli and various developmental processes. The first genome-wide analysis of the expansin superfamily in the Arachis genus identified 40 members in A. duranensis and 44 in A.

Transcriptome Profiling of Wild from Water-Limited Environments Uncovers Drought Tolerance Candidate Genes.

Peanut ( L.) is an important legume cultivated mostly in drought-prone areas where its productivity can be limited by water scarcity. The development of more drought-tolerant varieties is, therefore, a priority for peanut breeding programs worldwide.

Root Transcriptome Analysis of Wild Peanut Reveals Candidate Genes for Nematode Resistance.

Wild peanut relatives (Arachis spp.) are genetically diverse and were adapted to a range of environments during the evolution course, constituting an important source of allele diversity for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The wild diploid A.

Reference Gene Selection for qPCR Analysis in Tomato-Bipartite Begomovirus Interaction and Validation in Additional Tomato-Virus Pathosystems.

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) is currently the most sensitive technique used for absolute and relative quantification of a target gene transcript, requiring the use of appropriated reference genes for data normalization. To accurately estimate the relative expression of target tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) genes responsive to several virus species in reverse transcription qPCR analysis, the identification of reliable reference genes is mandatory.