A 2-week treatment with 5-azacytidine improved the hypercontractility state in prostate from obese mice: Role of the nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate signalling pathway.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is characterised by increases in prostate volume and contraction. Downregulation of the nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signalling pathway contributes to prostate dysfunctions. Previous studies in cancer cells or vessels have shown that the epigenetic mechanisms control the gene and protein expression of the enzymes involved in the production of NO and cGMP.

Evidence that methylglyoxal and receptor for advanced glycation end products are implicated in bladder dysfunction of obese diabetic / mice.

Glycolytic overload in diabetes causes large accumulation of the highly reactive dicarbonyl compound methylglyoxal (MGO) and overproduction of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which interact with their receptors (RAGE), leading to diabetes-associated macrovascular complications. The bladder is an organ that stays most in contact with dicarbonyl species, but little is known about the importance of the MGO-AGEs-RAGE pathway to diabetes-associated bladder dysfunction. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of the MGO-AGEs-RAGE pathway in bladder dysfunction of diabetic male and female / mice compared with wild-type (WT) lean mice.

Periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT) supernatant from obese mice releases anticontractile substances and increases human prostate epithelial cell proliferation: the role of nitric oxide and adenosine.

The prostate gland is surrounded by periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT) that can release mediators that interfere in prostate function. In this study, we examined the effect of periprostatic adipose tissue supernatant obtained from obese mice on prostate reactivity and on the viability of human prostatic epithelial cell lines. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a standard or high-fat diet after which PPAT was isolated, incubated in Krebs-Henseleit solution for 30 min (without prostate) or 60 min (with prostate), and the supernatant was then collected and screened for biological activity.

Physical activity influences heart rate variability in young adults, regardless of dextrose ingestion.

Introduction: Cardiac autonomic modulation can be altered by carbohydrate ingestion. On the other hand, some of the protective effects of physical activity may be due to its impact on the autonomic nervous system.

Purpose: This cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate whether physical activity level influences heart rate variability (HRV) under fasting and mainly, after dextrose ingestion.

The Role of Periprostatic Adipose Tissue on Prostate Function in Vascular-Related Disorders.

The lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are highly prevalent worldwide. Clinical and experimental data suggest that the incidence of LUTS-BPH is higher in patients with vascular-related disorders such as in pelvic ischemia, obesity and diabetes as well as in the ageing population. Obesity is an important risk factor that predisposes to glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disorders.

Higher blood glucose impairs cardiac autonomic modulation in fasting and after carbohydrate overload in adults.

This study aimed to assess whether the blood glucose levels influence cardiac autonomic modulation under fasting and after carbohydrate overload conditions. Participants ( = 108) were separated into lower blood glucose and higher blood glucose groups, based on the median (90.5 mg·dL) of fasting glucose assessed.

Hypothalamic S1P/S1PR1 axis controls energy homeostasis in Middle-Aged Rodents: the reversal effects of physical exercise.

Recently, we demonstrated that the hypothalamic S1PR1/STAT3 axis plays a critical role in the control of food consumption and energy expenditure in rodents. Here, we found that reduction of hypothalamic S1PR1 expression occurs in an age-dependent manner, and was associated with defective thermogenic signaling and weight gain. To address the physiological relevance of these findings, we investigated the effects of chronic and acute exercise on the hypothalamic S1PR1/STAT3 axis.

Strength Training Prevents Hyperinsulinemia, Insulin Resistance, and Inflammation Independent of Weight Loss in Fructose-Fed Animals.

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of aerobic, strength, and combined training on metabolic disorders induced by a fructose-rich diet. Wistar rats (120 days old) were randomized into five groups (n = 8-14): C (control diet and sedentary), F (fed the fructose-rich diet and sedentary), FA (fed the fructose-rich diet and subject to aerobic exercise), FS (fed the fructose-rich diet and subject to strength exercise), and FAS (fed the fructose-rich diet and subject to combined aerobic and strength exercises). After the 8-week experiment, glucose homeostasis, blood biochemistry, tissue triglycerides, and inflammation were evaluated and analyzed.

Muscle glycogen metabolism changes in rats fed early postnatal a fructose-rich diet after maternal protein malnutrition: effects of acute physical exercise at the maximal lactate steady-state intensity.

Background: The objective was to evaluate the muscle glucose metabolism in rats fed a fructose-rich diet after fetal protein malnutrition, at rest and after acute physical exercise at maximal lactate steady-state intensity.

Methods: The male offspring born of mothers fed on a balanced or low-protein diet were split in four groups until 60 days: Balanced (B): balanced diet during the whole period; Balanced/Fructose (BF): balanced diet in utero and fructose-rich diet after birth; Low protein/Balanced (LB): low-protein diet in utero and balanced diet after birth; Low protein/Fructose (LF): low protein diet in utero and fructose-rich diet after birth.

Results: Acute physical exercise reduced the muscle glycogen concentrations in all groups, although the LF group showed higher concentrations at rest.

Fructose-rich diet leads to reduced aerobic capacity and to liver injury in rats.

The main purpose of this research was to investigate the alterations in the aerobic capacity and appearance of metabolic alterations in Wistar rats fed on fructose-rich diet. We separated twenty-eight rats into two groups according to diet: a control group (C) (balanced diet) and a fructose-rich diet group (F). The animals were fed these diets for 60 d (d 120 to 180).

Metabolic syndrome markers in wistar rats of different ages.

In recent decades, metabolic syndrome has become a public health problem throughout the world. Longitudinal studies in humans have several limitations due to the invasive nature of certain analyses and the size and randomness of the study populations. Thus, animal models that are able to mimic human physiological responses could aid in investigating metabolic disease.

Muscle protein metabolism in neonatal alloxan-administered rats: effects of continuous and intermittent swimming training.

Background: This study aimed to examine the effects of intermittent and continuous swimming training on muscle protein metabolism in neonatal alloxan-administered rats.

Methods: Wistar rats were used and divided into six groups: sedentary alloxan (SA), sedentary control (SC), continuous trained alloxan (CA), intermittent trained alloxan (IA), continuous trained control (CC) and intermittent trained control (IC). Alloxan (250 mg/kg body weight) was injected into newborn rats at 6 days of age.

Different exercise protocols improve metabolic syndrome markers, tissue triglycerides content and antioxidant status in rats.

Background: An increase in the prevalence of obesity entails great expenditure for governments. Physical exercise is a powerful tool in the combat against obesity and obesity-associated diseases. This study sought to determine the effect of three different exercise protocols on metabolic syndrome and lipid peroxidation markers and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in adult Wistar rats (120 days old).

Metabolic responses to acute physical exercise in young rats recovered from fetal protein malnutrition with a fructose-rich diet.

Background: Malnutrition in utero can "program" the fetal tissues, making them more vulnerable to metabolic disturbances. Also there is association between excessive consumption of fructose and the development of metabolic syndrome. However, there is little information regarding the acute effect of physical exercise on subjects recovered from malnutrition and/or fed with a fructose-rich diet.

Exercise and spirulina control non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis and lipid profile in diabetic Wistar rats.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is associated with metabolic dysfunctions, including alterations in circulating lipid levels and fat tissue accumulation, which causes, among other pathologies, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Aim Of The Study: The objective of this study was to analyse the effects of physical exercise and spirulina intake on the control of NAFLD in diabetic Wistar rats.

Methods: Diabetes was induced in the animals through intravenous administration of alloxan.

Impact of early fructose intake on metabolic profile and aerobic capacity of rats.

Background: Metabolic syndrome is a disease that today affects millions of people around the world. Therefore, it is of great interest to implement more effective procedures for preventing and treating this disease. In search of a suitable experimental model to study the role of exercise in prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome, this study examined the metabolic profile and the aerobic capacity of rats kept early in life on a fructose-rich diet, a substrate that has been associated with metabolic syndrome.

Exercise counteracts fatty liver disease in rats fed on fructose-rich diet.

Background: This study aimed to analyze the effects of exercise at the aerobic/anaerobic transition on the markers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), insulin sensitivity and the blood chemistry of rats kept on a fructose-rich diet.

Methods: We separated 48 Wistar rats into two groups according to diet: a control group (balanced diet AIN-93 G) and a fructose-rich diet group (60% fructose). The animals were tested for maximal lactate-steady state (MLSS) in order to identify the aerobic/anaerobic metabolic transition during swimming exercises at 28 and 90 days of age.

Recovery of rat growth and lipid profiles in adult rats subjected to fetal protein malnutrition with a fructose-rich diet.

There is evidence suggesting an association between fructose consumption and the development of metabolic syndrome. In turn, protein malnutrition in utero is proposed to "program" the fetal tissues, making them more susceptible to nutritional associated disorders. To test this hypothesis, the present study was designed to analyze body growth and metabolic aspects of rats subjected to fetal protein malnutrition and subsequently fed a fructose-rich diet.