Activation of prefrontal cortex and striatal regions in rats after shifting between rules in a T-maze.

Prefrontal cortical and striatal areas have been identified by inactivation or lesion studies to be required for behavioral flexibility, including selecting and processing of different types of information. In order to identify these networks activated selectively during the acquisition of new reward contingency rules, rats were trained to discriminate orientations of bars presented in pseudorandom sequence on two video monitors positioned behind the goal sites on a T-maze with return arms. A second group already trained in the visual discrimination task learned to alternate left and right goal arm visits in the same maze while ignoring the visual cues still being presented.

Follow-up of first permanent molar restorative treatment with and without Molar Hypomineralization.

Hypomineralization (MH) are controversial. The aim of this study was to compare need for treatment and status of restorations performed on first permanent molars in patients with and without MH. Retrospective design based on the clinical records of 153 patients who had received comprehensive care in 2014 at the Clinic of the Children's Comprehensive Dentistry Department (FOUBA) by 3 pediatric dentists (Kappa MH 0.

Detection of Alterations in the Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Permeability in Patients With Hashimoto Thyroiditis.

Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is the most common autoimmune disease worldwide, characterized by chronic inflammation and circulating autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin. Patients require hormone replacement with oral levothyroxine, and if untreated, they can develop serious adverse health effects and ultimately death. There is a lot of evidence that the intestinal dysbiosis, bacterial overgrowth, and increased intestinal permeability favor the HT development, and a thyroid-gut axis has been proposed, which seems to impact our entire metabolism.

Molar incisor hypomineralization: Analysis of asymmetry of lesions.

Unlabelled: Clinically, Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) lesions are not distributed symmetrically, and their severity varies even within the same arcade.

Aim: To estimate the frequency of asymmetries in hypomineralized lesions on permanent molars and incisors of children with MIH.

Methods: Three pediatric dentists, calibrated following the diagnostic criteria of Mathu-Muju and Wright (2006) (Kappa 0.

Comparison of Mineral Density in Molar Incisor Hypomineralization applying fluoride varnishes and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate.

The aim of the present work was to evaluate and compare variations in mineral density (MD) using laser-induced fluorescence (LF) after applying 5% Sodium Fluoride Varnish (Duraphat®), 5% Sodium Fluoride Varnish with Tricalcium Phosphate (Clinpro®) or Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (Recaldent®) on teeth with Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH). Mineral density of 92 MIH teeth with mild (Mi) and moderate (Mo) lesions was assessed using a DIAGNOdent device (KaVo, Biberach, Germany). LF values were recorded on day 0 (baseline) and on days 15, 30 and 45; the remineralizing agents were applied immediately after LF readings at baseline and on days 15 and 30.

Postural alterations as a risk factor for temporomandibular disorders.

The aims of this study were to estimate frequency and assess postural alterations as a risk factor for temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Patients aged 10 to 15years (N=243, mean age 12. 6) seeking comprehensive dental care were analyzed according to RDC/ TMD.

Assessment of Mandibular Movements in 10 to 15 Year-old Patients With and Without Temporomandibular Disorders.

The aim of this study was to establish reference values for mandibular movements in 10- to 15-year-olds without dysfunction and compare these values to those in patients of the same age with tempromandibular disorders (TMD) and those found previously in a group of children younger than 11 years old without TMD. Children of both genders who visited the Department of Comprehensive Pediatric Dentistry at Buenos Aires University in 2013 and whose parents or guardians provided consent were evaluated using TMD/RDC by standardized pediatric dentists (Kappa 0.88).

Ultrastructure of the surface of dental enamel with molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) with and without acid etching.

The aim of the present work was to analyze the ultrastructure and mineral composition of the surface of the enamel on a molar with MIH, with and without acid etching. A permanent tooth without clinical MIH lesions (control) and a tooth with clinical diagnosis of mild and moderate MIH, with indication for extraction, were processed with and without acid etching (H3PO4 37%, 20") for observation with scanning electron microscope (SEM) ZEISS (Supra 40) and mineral composition analysis with an EDS detector (Oxford Instruments). The control enamel showed normal prismatic surface and etching pattern.

Comparison of the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization among children with different health care coverage in the cities of Buenos Aires (Argentina) and Montevideo (Uruguay).

The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) among children with different health care coverage in Buenos Aires and Montevideo. An observational, cross-sectional and descriptive study was designed, considering children born from 1993-2003 who were seen in the Chairs of Comprehensive Children's Dentistry (Universidad de Buenos Aires) and of Pediatric Dentistry (Universidad de la República) and at five private dental offices between April and December 2010. Two groups were defined: A (Buenos Aires; n=1,090) and B (Montevideo; n=626).

Frequency of oral habits, dysfunctions, and personality traits in bruxing and nonbruxing children: a comparative study.

The aim of the current study was to compare personality traits, presence of oral myofunctional dysfunctions, and other parafunctional habits in bruxing and nonbruxing children. Fifty-four patients aged 10 to 15 years were seen at the Comprehensive Pediatric Dental Clinic and examined by dentists using the RDC/TMD; speech therapists and psychologists were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups: bruxing (A) and nonbruxing (B).

Prevalence of molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in children seeking dental care at the Schools of Dentistry of the University of Buenos Aires (Argentina) and University of la Republica (Uruguay).

Unlabelled: The objectives of this study are to compare the prevalence of MIH in children seeking dental care spontaneously at the Department of Comprehensive Children's Dentistry of the University of Buenos Aires (UBA) and Department of Pediatric Dentistry of the University of La República (UdelaR) and to analyze the distribution according to year of birth, sex, age, number of affected teeth and maximum degree of severity in molars and incisors. During 2010, nine pediatric dentists from both schools (Kappa = 0.94) assessed all children born between 1993 and 2003 whose 4 first molars and 8 permanent incisors had erupted.

Prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization in the city of Buenos Aires.

The prevalence of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) still remains unknown in Argentina. The objectives of this work were to: estimate prevalence of MIH in a group of children seeking dental care in the city of Buenos Aires, analyze distribution according to year of birth and compare prevalence and severity of MIH in children with different access to health care services. A prospective, observational, transversal, descriptive study was designed, to be conducted on children seeking attention at Department of Comprehensive Children's Dentistry at the School of Dentistry of Buenos Aires University and at 3 pediatric dentistry offices attended by members of the team, located in Buenos Aires city (Kappa 0.

[Relationship between dysfunctions and parafunctional oral habits, and temporomandibular disorders in children and teenagers].

Unlabelled: Oral parafunctional habits and orofacial myofunctional dysfunctions are commonly observed in children and considered as contributory factors for temporomandibular disorders (TMD). The aim of this work was to describe the frequency of oral parafunctional habits and orofacial myofunctional dysfunctions and to evaluate the association between them and signs and symptoms of TMD in patients attending to the TMD section of the Pediatric Dentistry Department of the University of Buenos Aires.

Methods: Data obtained from dental records performed during 2003-2007 were entered into a database registering age, gender, reason for consultation, psychological stress, signs, symptoms, diagnosis, dysfunctions and parafunctions, for statistical analysis.

Determination of range of mandibular movements in children without temporomandibular disorders.

Unlabelled: Mandibular movement values are an important parameter within the clinical evaluation of the temporomandibular joint. Limited or increased movement is a sign of dysfunction. Normal values used as reference correspond to adult populations, and information on child populations is scant.