Medical Nutrition Therapy and Physical Exercise for Acute and Chronic Hyperglycemic Patients with Sarcopenia.

A wide range of factors contribute to the overlap of hyperglycemia-acute or chronic-and sarcopenia, as well as their associated adverse consequences, which can lead to impaired physical function, reduced quality of life, and increased mortality risk. These factors include malnutrition (both overnutrition and undernutrition) and low levels of physical activity. Hyperglycemia and sarcopenia are interconnected through a vicious cycle of events that mutually reinforce and worsen each other.

[Improving the nutritional care of oncology patients - Validation of a multidisciplinary protocol in the Spanish clinical setting].

Introduction: malnutrition is a very frequent problem in oncology patients and may have serious repercussions. Adequate nutritional management is cost-effective in terms of health and survival in this population, but it requires multidisciplinary coordination, specific training, and continuous follow-up. Objective: to validate the applicability and efficacy of a multidisciplinary nutritional support protocol in oncology patients.

The Effect of Fasting on Body Composition Assessment in Hospitalized Cancer Patients.

Guidelines for bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) recommend fasting before measurements, but how it affects the outcomes is unclear. This descriptive, before-and-after study examines the effect of fasting on BIA results and its impact on the diagnosis of malnutrition in hospitalized cancer patients. Fifty-three oncology patients (admitted in January-March 2020) were consecutively enrolled regardless of their nutritional status.

[Malnutrition management of hospitalized patients with diabetes/hyperglycemia and hip fracture].

The yearly incidence of hip fracture is very high, which generates significant healthcare and socioeconomic burden. These fractures can occur at any age, but the vast majority occur in people over 65 years of age and predominantly in women, due to the increased risk of menopause-associated osteoporosis. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), apart from altering glucose, lipid and protein metabolisms, also causes a deregulation of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium and dysfunction in bone metabolism.

[Nutritional assessment and intervention in hospitalized cancer patients at risk of or with malnutrition: evaluation of the effect on anthropometric and body composition parameters].

Introduction: malnutrition is a common problem in cancer patients that worsens during hospitalization and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, and impaired quality of life. Objectives: to describe the effect of implementing a nutritional assessment and support protocol on the nutritional status of hospitalized cancer patients. Methods: a prospective, cross-sectional, non-controlled, quasi-experimental study in cancer patients admitted to an oncology service consecutively regardless of their nutritional status between September 2019 and March 2020.

Relation of Malnutrition and Nosocomical Infections in Cancer Patients in Hospital: An Observational Study.

Aim: To investigate the relation between malnutrition and nosocomial infections (NI) in hospitalized cancer patients.

Methods: This observational, cross-sectional, noninterventional, descriptive study was conducted in a 500-bed university hospital in Valencia (Spain). Adult cancer patients admitted to the oncology ward were consecutively enrolled regardless of their nutritional status between November 2019 and March 2020.

Measurement of body composition in cancer patients using CT planning scan at the third lumbar vertebra.

Objective: the main objective was to assess body composition in terms of skeletal muscle index (SMI), myosteatosis, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) as an adjunct of information provided by radiotherapy CT planning scan. Material and methods: a sample of 49 patients with lung and digestive cancers underwent a CT scan for radiotherapy treatment, which included measurements at the L3 region. Images were analyzed with a radiotherapy contouring software, using different Hounsfield Unit (HU) settings.

Diagnosis of pre-sarcopenia from a single selectional crosscut at C3 region, using CT scans before radiotherapy.

Purpose: the main purpose of this study was to diagnose pre-sarcopenia in cancer patients who had lack of computed tomography (CT) abdominal images, with a newly discovered method based on cervical images. Material and methods: a sample of 37 patients with either lung cancer or a cancer that affected the upper digestive system underwent radiotherapy computed simulation which included measurements at C3 and L3 regions. Skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and skeletal muscle index (SMI) were determined by Hounsfield units and compared in both regions.

Anthropometric parameters and permanent remission of comorbidities 10 years after open gastric bypass in a cohort with high prevalence of super-obesity.

Background And Aim: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is an effective treatment for weight loss in patients with morbid obesity. However, few studies have assessed its long-term efficacy in super-obese patients. The study objective was to analyse the long-term effectiveness of RYGB and its effect on improvement of comorbidities after 10 years of follow-up, and to compare the results depending on baseline BMI (<50kg/m vs ≥50kg/m).

Unsaturated Oral Fat Load Test Improves Glycemia, Insulinemia and Oxidative Stress Status in Nondiabetic Subjects with Abdominal Obesity.

Aims: To evaluate the changes in glycemia, insulinemia, and oxidative stress markers during an oral fat load test in nondiabetic subjects with abdominal obesity and to analyze the association between postprandial oxidative stress markers and postprandial glucose and insulin responses.

Methods: We included 20 subjects with abdominal obesity (waist circumference > 102 cm for men and > 88 cm for women) and 20 healthy lean controls (waist circumference < 102 cm for men and < 88 cm for women). After 12 hours of fasting we performed a standardized fat load test (0-8 hours) with supracal® (50 g/m2).

Increased thioredoxin levels are related to insulin resistance in familial combined hyperlipidaemia.

Background: Thioredoxins (TRX) are major cellular protein disulphide reductases that are critical for redox regulation. Oxidative stress and inflammation play promoting roles in the genesis and progression of atherosclerosis, but until now scarce data are available considering the influence of TRX activity in familial combined hyperlipidaemia (FCH). Since FCH is associated with high risk of cardiovascular disease, the objective of the present study was to assess oxidative stress status in FCH patients, and evaluate the influence of insulin resistance (IR).

Postprandial Changes in Chemokines Related to Early Atherosclerotic Processes in Familial Hypercholesterolemic Subjects: A Preliminary Study.

Background And Aims: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is associated with higher levels of inflammatory mediators such as chemokines, which contribute to an increased risk of premature atherosclerosis in these patients. We studied the response of chemokines related to early atherosclerotic processes during an oral unsaturated fat load test (OFLT) in patients with heterozygous FH and compared this response to normolipidemic and normoglycemic subjects.

Methods: Blood samples were taken from 12 FH patients and 20 healthy controls with a similar age, gender distribution, and body mass index.

Altered glutathione system is associated with the presence of distal symmetric peripheral polyneuropathy in type 2 diabetic subjects.

Distal symmetric peripheral polyneuropathy (DSPN) is a highly prevalent complication of diabetes. However, underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are multiple and not well understood. The aim of our study was to analyze the oxidative stress levels in circulating mononuclear cells by measuring the glutathione system, malondialdehyde and oxidized-LDL, in 60 type 2 diabetic patients from a well-characterized cohort of 196 type 2 diabetic patients.

Differential Effect of Glycosylated Hemoglobin Value and Antidiabetic Treatment on the Risk of 30-day Readmission Following a Hospitalization for Acute Heart Failure.

Introduction And Objectives: In patients with heart failure and type 2 diabetes, low glycosylated hemoglobin has been related with higher risk of mortality but information regarding morbidity is scarce. We sought to evaluate the association between glycosylated hemoglobin and 30-day readmission in patients with type 2 diabetes and acute heart failure.

Methods: Glycosylated hemoglobin was measured before discharge in 835 consecutive patients with acute heart failure and type 2 diabetes.

The impact of moderate wine consumption on health.

Wine is a traditional beverage that has been associated with both healthy and harmful effects. Conceptions like the so-called "French paradox" or the beneficial impact of the Mediterranean diet suggest benefit. Wine has a complex composition, which is affected by whether it is red or white or by other variables, like the variety of grapes or others.

Validity of subjective global assessment as a screening method for hospital malnutrition. Prevalence of malnutrition in a tertiary hospital.

Introduction: Hospital malnutrition is a highly prevalent problem that affects patient morbidity and mortality resulting in longer hospital stays and increased healthcare costs. Although there is no single nutritional screening method, subjective global assessment (SGA) may be a useful, inexpensive, and easily reproducible tool.

Methods: A cross-sectional, observational, randomized study was conducted in 197 patients in a tertiary hospital.