The healthy human gut can take it all: vancomycin-variable, linezolid-resistant strains and specific bacteriocin-species interplay in spp.

spp. are opportunistic human pathogens colonizing the human gut and a significant reservoir for the continuous adaptation of hospital clones. However, studies on the features of enterococci species co-colonizing healthy individuals are scarce.

Bacteriocin distribution patterns in and : bioinformatic analysis using a tailored genomics framework.

Unlabelled: Multidrug-resistant strains represent a major concern due to their ability to thrive in diverse environments and cause life-threatening infections. While antimicrobial resistance and virulence mechanisms have been extensively studied, the contribution of bacteriocins to 's adaptability remains poorly explored. , within the Bacillota phylum, is a prominent bacteriocin producer.

Interactions between commensal and and clinical isolates of .

() is a versatile pathogen, responsible for multidrug-resistant infections, especially in hospitalized immunocompromised patients. Its population structure has been characterized by diverse clades (A1, A2, and B (reclassified as ()), adapted to different environments, and distinguished by their resistomes and virulomes. These features only partially explain the predominance of clade A1 strains in nosocomial infections.

BDNF-dependent signaling in the olfactory bulb modulates social recognition memory in mice.

An operative olfactory bulb (OB) is critical to social recognition memory (SRM) in rodents, which involves identifying conspecifics. Furthermore, OB also allocates synaptic plasticity events related to olfactory memories in their intricate neural circuit. Here, we asked whether the OB is a target for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a well-known mediator of plasticity and memory.

Association Between Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptor (FSHR) rs6166 and Estrogen Receptor 1 (ESR1) rs2234693 Polymorphisms and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Risk, Phenotype, and Reproductive Outcomes in an Infertile Portuguese Population.

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder often leading to anovulatory infertility. PCOS pathophysiology is still unclear and several potential genetic susceptibility factors have been proposed. The effect of polymorphisms in two genesrelated to follicular recruitment and development, the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor () and the estrogen receptor 1 (), have been studied in different populations with contradictory results.

Distinction between Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus lactis by a PCR-Based Assay for Accurate Identification and Diagnostics.

It was recently proposed that Enterococcus faecium colonizing the human gut (previous clade B) actually corresponds to Enterococcus lactis. Our goals were to develop a PCR assay to rapidly differentiate these species and to discuss the main phenotypic and genotypic differences from a clinical perspective. The pan-genome of 512 genomes of E.

Transgenic rat with overproduction of ubiquitous angiotensin-(1-7) presents neuroprotection in a model of ischemia and reperfusion.

Recent studies showed that angiotensin-(1-7) has cerebroprotective actions in stroke. In the present study, we aim to test whether tissue overexpression of Angiotensin-(1-7), mainly in the brain provides neuroprotection in a model of ischemia/reperfusion by bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion/reperfusion (BCCAo/R). Evaluation of neurological deficit scores and bilateral asymmetry test (BAT) were performed seven days after transient BCCAo/R in transgenic rats (TG-7371) overexpressing Angiotensin-(1-7) and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.

Renin-Angiotensin System in Huntington's Disease: Evidence from Animal Models and Human Patients.

The Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) is expressed in the central nervous system and has important functions that go beyond blood pressure regulation. Clinical and experimental studies have suggested that alterations in the brain RAS contribute to the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. However, there is limited information regarding the involvement of RAS components in Huntington's disease (HD).

High-Resolution Genotyping Unveils Identical Ampicillin-Resistant Strains in Different Sources and Countries: A One Health Approach.

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) () infections continue to increase worldwide, although epidemiological studies remain scarce in lower middle-income countries. We aimed to explore which strains circulate in causing human infections in Tunisian healthcare institutions in order to compare them with strains from non-human sources of the same country and finally to position them within the global epidemiology by genomic analysis. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed and transfer of vancomycin- and ampicillin- resistance was performed by conjugation.

spp. as a Producer and Target of Bacteriocins: A Double-Edged Sword in the Antimicrobial Resistance Crisis Context.

spp. are one of the most frequent producers of bacteriocins (enterocins), which provides them with an advantage to compete in their natural environment, which is the gut of humans and many animals. The enterocins' activity against microorganisms from different phylogenetic groups has raised interest in spp.

Characterization of the Oral Microbiome of Medicated Type-2 Diabetes Patients.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease that is becoming a significant global health care problem. Several studies have shown that people with diabetes are more susceptible to oral problems, such as periodontitis and, although the causes are still inconclusive, oral microbiota is considered to play a major role in oral health. This study aimed to characterize the oral microbiome of a sample representing T2DM patients from Portugal and exploit potential associations between some microorganisms and variables like teeth brushing, smoking habits, average blood sugar levels, medication and nutrient intake.

Glial Cells and Their Contribution to the Mechanisms of Action of Cannabidiol in Neuropsychiatric Disorders.

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a phytocannabinoid with a broad-range of therapeutic potential in several conditions, including neurological (epilepsy, neurodegenerative diseases, traumatic and ischemic brain injuries) and psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, addiction, major depressive disorder, and anxiety). The pharmacological mechanisms responsible for these effects are still unclear, and more than 60 potential molecular targets have been described. Regarding neuropsychiatric disorders, most studies investigating these mechanisms have focused on neuronal cells.

Alamandine through MrgD receptor induces antidepressant-like effect in transgenic rats with low brain angiotensinogen.

Alamandine (Ala-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro), a heptapeptide hormone of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), exerts its effects through the Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor of the type D, MrgD, which is expressed in different tissues, including the brain. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that alamandine could attenuate the depression-like behavior observed in transgenic rats with low brain angiotensinogen, TGR (ASrAOGEN)680. Transgenic rats exhibited a significant increase in the immobility time in forced swim test, a phenotype reversed by intracerebroventricular infusion of alamandine.

Maturation of newborn neurons predicts social memory persistence in mice.

Memory transience is essential to gain cognitive flexibility. Recently, hippocampal neurogenesis is emerging as one of the mechanisms involved in the balance between persistence and forgetting. Social recognition memory (SRM) has its duration prolonged by neurogenesis.

Neuropsychiatric Properties of the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas Pathway: A Brief Review.

The current pharmacological strategies for the management of anxiety disorders and depression, serious conditions which are gaining greater prevalence worldwide, depend on only two therapeutic classes of mood-stabilizing drugs: Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) and Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs). Although first line agents with proven efficacy, their clinical success in the management of anxiety disorders and depression is still considered highly complex due to the multifaceted nature of such conditions. Several studies have shown a possible therapeutic target could be found in the form of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme [ACE] type 2 (ACE2), Angiotensin [Ang]-(1-7) and Mas receptor pathway of the Renin- Angiotensin System (RAS), which as will be discussed, has been described to exhibit promising therapeutic properties for the management of anxiety disorders and depression.

Social isolation impairs the persistence of social recognition memory by disturbing the glutamatergic tonus and the olfactory bulb-dorsal hippocampus coupling.

The absence of companion may jeopardize mental health in social animals. Here, we tested the hypothesis that social isolation impairs social recognition memory by altering the excitability and the dialog between the olfactory bulb (OB) and the dorsal hippocampus (dHIP). Adult male Swiss mice were kept grouped (GH) or isolated (SI) for 7 days.

Role of Endocannabinoid System in the Peripheral Antinociceptive Action of Aripiprazole.

Background: Recently, we demonstrated that the antipsychotic dopaminergic and serotoninergic agonist aripiprazole induced peripheral antinociception. However, the mechanism underlying this effect has not been fully established. Here, our aim was to identify possible relationships between this action of aripiprazole and the endocannabinoid system.

Antineoplastic Agents and (In)fertility: Informing Patients to Improve Decisions.

Purpose: Infertility is a potential adverse effect of cancer treatment, and future fertility is an important issue for cancer patients. In Portugal, the Centre for Fertility Preservation of CHUC, EPE, conducted a project to develop and disseminate oncofertility information resources. In this study, we report the results of the specific component of this program, which intended to produce information resources that promote patients' awareness of the subject and to support decisions concerning fertility preservation.

The Renin-Angiotensin System and the Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Brief Review.

Background: A large body of studies characterized the renal and cardiovascular effects of the peptides of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). We now recognize that, in addition to angiotensin (Ang) II and Ang III, other peptides, such as, Ang-(1-7), Ang-(1-9), Ang IV and Alamandine can mediate actions of the RAS in different tissues, including the brain. Effects elicited by angiotensins in the brain are complex, site specific and dependent on the interaction with selective receptors, angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1), AT2, Mas or MrgD, which present widespread distribution in the central nervous system.

Peripheral Antinociception Induced by Aripiprazole Is Mediated by the Opioid System.

Background: Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug used to treat schizophrenia and related disorders. Our previous study showed that this compound also induces antinociceptive effects. The present study aimed to assess the participation of the opioid system in this effect.

Reduced anxiety-like behavior in transgenic rats with chronically overproduction of angiotensin-(1-7): Role of the Mas receptor.

Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)], a counterregulatory peptide of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), exerts its cardiovascular and renal functions through the G-protein-coupled receptor Mas. More recently, Ang-(1-7) has also been implicated in the control of emotional states related to fear and anxiety. Here, we tested the hypothesis that transgenic rats overexpressesing Ang-(1-7) (TGR) show reduced anxiety-like behavior in two distinct animals models, the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) and Vogel Conflict Test (VCT).

2-Arachidonoylglycerol endocannabinoid signaling coupled to metabotropic glutamate receptor type-5 modulates anxiety-like behavior in the rat ventromedial prefrontal cortex.

2-Arachidonoylglycerol and anandamide are the main endocannabinoids, which act through cannabinoid type-1 and type-2 receptors. Among its many functions, anandamide modulates anxiety-like behaviors in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. The role of 2-arachidonoylglycerol in this region, however, has remained unclear.

Antidepressant-like effect of valproic acid-Possible involvement of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.

Rationale: Few studies suggest that antidepressants exert their effects by activating some signaling pathways, including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Moreover, valproic acid (VPA) activates the PI3K pathway. Thus, here we investigated the antidepressant-like effect of VPA and if its effect is related to PI3K/Akt/mTOR activation.

Decision on Fertility Preservation in Cancer Patients: Development of Information Materials for Healthcare Professionals.

Infertility is a potential side effect of cancer chemotherapy. As the number of adolescent and young adult (AYA)-aged survivors increases, future fertility becomes an important issue. However, many patients are not adequately informed and oncologists point the lack of information as a barrier to discussion.