Effect of Intermittent Hypoxemia and Hyperoxemia during the Neonatal Period on Control of Breathing Function among Infants Born Extremely Preterm.

Objective: To evaluate the association between intermittent hypoxemia (IH) and hyperoxemia (HOX) during the first 28 days with peripheral and central chemoreception at 36 weeks postmenstrual age among infants born extremely preterm.

Study Design: For this observational study 52 infants born at 23 to 28 weeks of gestational age were enrolled. Mean daily IH frequency (SpO<80% for ≥10s) and percent of time in HOX (SpO≥98% while FiO>.

The Interaction of Antenatal Steroid Timing and Pre-Eclampsia on Respiratory Outcomes among Infants Born Preterm.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of timing of antenatal steroids (ANS) administration and its interaction with pre-eclampsia (PE) on respiratory outcome among infants born preterm.

Study Design: This was an analysis of a prospective, single-center cohort of infants born between 23 to 30 weeks of gestation between 2012 through 2021. Endpoints were severe RDS (sRDS) and moderate-severe BPD (msBPD).

The impact of detailed history taking: a case report of pediatric pulmonary and hepatic hydatid disease from Ecuador.

Background: Echinococcosis is a uncommon condition in pediatric patients, and encompasses alveolar and cystic forms, predominantly affecting the lungs and liver. Transmission occurs primarily through zoonotic means, such as the contamination of water and food by infected dog and other canid feces. Diagnosis can be challenging due to nonspecific symptoms that often mimic pneumonia.

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Genotypes in an Ecuadorian Population: A Preliminary Study.

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection affects 257-291 million people worldwide. The World Health Organization reported 890,000 HBV-related deaths in 2019, higher than reported previously. There are 10 HBV genotypes (A-J) subdivided into several subgenotypes that differ considerably by geography.

Extracellular Vesicle ASC: A Novel Mediator for Lung-Brain Axis in Preterm Brain Injury.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and neurodevelopmental impairment are among the most common morbidities affecting preterm infants. Although BPD is a predictor of poor neurodevelopmental outcomes, it is currently uncertain how BPD contributes to brain injury in preterm infants. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in interorgan communication in diverse pathological processes.

Highly comparative time series analysis of oxygen saturation and heart rate to predict respiratory outcomes in extremely preterm infants.

Highly comparative time series analysis (HCTSA) is a novel approach involving massive feature extraction using publicly available code from many disciplines. The Prematurity-Related Ventilatory Control (Pre-Vent) observational multicenter prospective study collected bedside monitor data from>700extremely preterm infants to identify physiologic features that predict respiratory outcomes..

AF1q is a universal marker of neuroblastoma that sustains N-Myc expression and drives tumorigenesis.

Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial malignant tumor of childhood, accounting for 15% of all pediatric cancer deaths. Despite significant advances in our understanding of neuroblastoma biology, five-year survival rates for high-risk disease remain less than 50%, highlighting the importance of identifying novel therapeutic targets to combat the disease. MYCN amplification is the most frequent and predictive molecular aberration correlating with poor outcome in neuroblastoma.

Validation of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Stanford cataplexy questionnaire.

Introduction: Cataplexy is a sudden and involuntary episode of loss of muscle tone during wakefulness. Cataplexy cannot be easily recognized when clinical features are atypical or when the physician is unfamiliar with its characteristics. The unstructured clinical interview is the only standard diagnostic method, but the use of a targeted questionnaire can help in the diagnosis of cataplexy.

Identification of the Genotypes Circulating in the Ecuadorian Population Infected with the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV).

Introduction: The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is responsible for 1.5 million new infections, and around 290 thousand deaths worldwide. 15 to 30% of the patients that go into a chronic phase of the disease will develop cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma within 20 years and is the leading etiology for liver transplantation.

Etiology and Mechanism of Intermittent Hypoxemia Episodes in Spontaneously Breathing Extremely Premature Infants.

Objective: To evaluate the mechanisms leading to intermittent hypoxemia (IH) episodes in spontaneously breathing extremely premature infants at 32 weeks and 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA).

Methods: We studied spontaneously breathing premature infants born at 23-28 weeks of gestational age who presented with IH episodes while on noninvasive respiratory support at 32 or 36 weeks PMA. Daytime recordings of arterial oxygen saturation (SpO), esophageal pressure, respiratory inductive plethysmography of the abdomen, chest wall, and their sum were obtained during 4 hours at 32 weeks and 36 weeks PMA.

Immigration as the main driver of population dynamics in a cryptic cetacean.

Empirical evidence about the role and interaction of immigration with local demographic processes in shaping population dynamics is still scarce. This knowledge gap limits our capability to derive a conceptual framework that can be used to inform conservation actions. Populations exposed to nonstationary environment do not converge to a stable stage distribution, implying the need for evaluating the demographic role of both vital rates and stage distribution using appropriate tools.

Network Science and Group Fusion Similarity-Based Searching to Explore the Chemical Space of Antiparasitic Peptides.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have appeared as promising compounds to treat a wide range of diseases. Their clinical potentialities reside in the wide range of mechanisms they can use for both killing microbes and modulating immune responses. However, the hugeness of the AMPs' chemical space (AMPCS), represented by more than 10 unique sequences, has represented a big challenge for the discovery of new promising therapeutic peptides and for the identification of common structural motifs.

Whole-genome analysis of monozygotic Brazilian twins discordant for type 1 narcolepsy: a case report.

Background: Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is a rare and chronic neurological disease characterized by sudden sleep attacks, overwhelming daytime drowsiness, and cataplexy. When associated with a sudden loss of muscle tone (cataplexy) narcolepsy is classified as type 1, while the absence of cataplexy indicates type 2. Genetic, degenerative, and immunological hypotheses to explain the pathophysiology of NT1 are still a matter of debate.

Effect of the Target Range on Arterial Oxygen Saturation Stability in Extremely Premature Infants.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of targeting arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) in the high (93-95%) versus the low portion (90-92%) of the recommended range of 90-95% on oxygenation stability in extremely premature infants.

Methods: Premature infants of ≤28 weeks of gestational age who received a fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) > 0.21 after day 14 were eligible.

Pulse oximetry reliability for detection of hypoxemia under motion in extremely premature infants.

Background: Episodes of intermittent hypoxemia (IH) in extremely premature infants are detected by pulse oximetry (SpO) but motion artifact can cause falsely low readings.

Objectives: To evaluate the reliability of SpO during IH episodes associated with motion in premature infants of ≤28 weeks GA monitored with 2 pulse oximeters.

Methods: IH episodes (defined as SpO < 90%, >10 s and SpO < 80%, >10 s) were classified by an analytic tool based on distortion caused by motion in the pulse plethysmograph (Pleth) as: A (true hypoxemia), both SpO decreased (only one Pleth showed motion); B (false hypoxemia), one SpO decreased (Pleth showed motion) and the other didn't (Pleth didn't show motion); C (suspected hypoxemia), both SpO decreased (both Pleth showed motion); D (true hypoxemia-motion free), both SpO decreased (neither Pleth showed motion).

Scaling Up Improved Inpatient Treatment of Severe Malnutrition: Key Factors and Experiences From South Africa, Bolivia, Malawi, and Ghana.

Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) can have high mortality, especially in very ill children treated in the hospital. Many medical and nursing schools do not adequately, if at all, teach how to manage children with SAM. There is a dearth of experienced practitioners and trainers to serve as exemplars of good practice or participate in capacity development.

A Global Crowdsourcing Open Call to Improve Research Mentorship in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Mixed Methods Analysis.

Research mentoring programs are limited in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The TDR Global initiated a global crowdsourcing open call soliciting proposals on how to improve research mentorship in LMICs. The purpose of this study is to examine ideas submitted to this open call to identify the ways to improve research mentorship in LMICs.

Microalgal-based feed: promising alternative feedstocks for livestock and poultry production.

There is an immediate need to identify alternative sources of high-nutrient feedstocks for domestic livestock production and poultry, not only to support growing food demands but also to produce microalgae-source functional foods with multiple health benefits. Various species of microalgae and cyanobacteria are used to supplement existing feedstocks. In this review, microalgae have been defined as a potential feedstock for domestic animals due to their abundance of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, minerals, vitamins, and other high-value products.

Characterization of -Harboring Isolates and Mobile Genetic Elements from Outbreaks in a Hospital in Ecuador.

To investigate the mobile genetic elements harboring gene in carbapenem-resistant recovered during a 6-month outbreak in a high-complexity hospital from Ecuador. A total of 62 isolates belonging to ST258 -positive ( = 45), ST25 serotype K2 ( = 8), ST348 ( = 6), ST42 ( = 1), ST196 ( = 1), and ST1758 ( = 1) were collected from intensive care unit (ICU), neurosurgery, burn unit, internal medicine, pneumology, and neurology. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis showed two major clusters of ST258 and ST25 related to bloodstream infections and pneumonia circulating in ICU.

The Diversity of Lipopolysaccharide (O) and Capsular Polysaccharide (K) Antigens of Invasive in a Multi-Country Collection.

is a common cause of sepsis and is particularly associated with healthcare-associated infections. New strategies are needed to prevent or treat infections due to the emergence of multi-drug resistant . The goal of this study was to determine the diversity and distribution of O (lipopolysaccharide) and K (capsular polysaccharide) antigens on a large (>500) global collection of strains isolated from blood to inform vaccine development efforts.

Lisdexamfetamine to improve excessive daytime sleepiness and weight management in narcolepsy: a case series.

Objective: To report the successful use of lisdexamfetamine in the management of narcolepsy.

Methods: Five narcoleptic patients received lisdexamfetamine, at different dosages and for different periods, for management of excessive daytime sleepiness and weight control.

Results: All patients experienced improvement of excessive daytime sleepiness and lost weight without side effects.

Carbapenem-Resistant : Microbiology Key Points for Clinical Practice.

Carbapenemase-producing strains (Cp-Kpn) represent a challenge for clinical practitioners due to their increasing prevalence in hospital settings and antibiotic resistance. Clinical practitioners are often overwhelmed by the extensive list of publications regarding Cp-Kpn infections, treatment, characteristics, identification, and diagnosis. In this perspective article, we provide key points for clinical practitioners to consider for improved patient management including identification of risk factors and strategies for treatment.

Consensus Report on Shigella Controlled Human Infection Model: Immunological Assays.

Moderate to severe diarrhea caused by Shigella is a global health concern due to its substantial contribution to morbidity and mortality in children aged <5 years in low- and middle-income countries. Although antibiotic treatment can be effective, emerging antimicrobial resistance, limited access, and cost affirm the role of vaccines as the most attractive countermeasure. Controlled human infection models (CHIMs) represent a valuable tool for assessing vaccine efficacy and potentially accelerating licensure.