Characteristics and clinical role of bronchoscopy in diagnosis of childhood endobronchial tuberculosis.

Background: Endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB) is the most frequent complication of primary pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in children. The aim of the study was to analyze characteristics and clinical role of bronchoscopy in diagnosis of childhood EBTB.

Methods: A retrospective, descriptive study was undertaken in 157 children with EBTB undergone flexible bronchoscopy (FB) between January 2006 and June 2014.

Clinical characteristics of disseminated cryptococcosis in previously healthy children in China.

Background: Disseminated cryptococcosis is a rare and fatal disease, and limited data exist regarding it in children. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of disseminated cryptococcosis in previously healthy children in China.

Methods: Hospitalized patients with disseminated cryptococcosis were enrolled during January 1996 to December 2015 in Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, China.

Impact of glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 on anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity in Chinese pediatric patients.

Background: Anti-tuberculosis drug induced hepatotoxicity (ATDH) is a major adverse drug reaction associated for anti-tuberculosis therapy. The glutathione S-transferases (GST) plays a crucial role in the detoxification of hepatotoxic metabolites of anti-tuberculosis drugs.An association between GSTM1/GSTT1 null mutations and increased risk of ATDH has been demonstrated in adults.

Rapid diagnosis of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis by Xpert MTB/RIF assay using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.

In order to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay on childhood pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), we evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of Xpert MTB/RIF assay using BALF in comparison with acid-fast bacilli (AFB) microscopy and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) culture for diagnosing childhood PTB using Chinese "composite clinical reference standard" (CCRS) as reference standard. Two hundred fifty-five children with suspected PTB were enrolled at Beijing Children's Hospital from September 2010 to July 2013. Compared with Chinese CCRS, the sensitivity of AFB microscopy, MTB culture, and Xpert MTB/RIF assay was 8.

Pediatric tuberculosis at Beijing Children's Hospital: 2002-2010.

Objective: Our aim was to describe the patient characteristics, clinical-epidemiological profile, and treatment outcome of childhood tuberculosis (TB).

Methods: A retrospective, descriptive study was undertaken of 1212 children aged 0 to 18 years admitted to Beijing Children's Hospital for the treatment of TB from January 2002 to December 2010. Statistical significance of category variables was evaluated by using Fisher's exact test.

IFN-γ release assay: a diagnostic assistance tool of tuberculin skin test in pediatric tuberculosis in China.

Background: Prompt diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection is an essential step in tuberculosis control and elimination. However, it is often difficult to accurately diagnose pediatric tuberculosis (TB). The tuberculin test (TST) may have a low specificity because of cross-reactivity with antigens present in Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and other mycobacteria, especially in China with a predominantly BCG-vaccinated population.

[Clinical features of endogenous bronchial foreign bodies and application of bronchoscopy in children].

Objective: To study the clinical features of endogenous bronchial foreign bodies and the value of bronchoscopy in children.

Methods: One hundred and six children who presented lobe or lung segment atelectasis by the chest X-ray and bronchial foreign body inhalation was excluded by bronchoscopy were enrolled. The original diseases included Mycoplasma pneumonia (n=62), endobronchial tuberculosis (n=24), bronchial pneumonia (n=16), nephrotic syndrome (n=2), laryngotracheal bronchitis (n=1) and bronchiolitis (n=1).

[Clinical analysis of bronchial foreign bodies in 246 children].

Objective: To analyze the characters of bronchial foreign bodies in children and the utilization of bronchoscope in the treatment of bronchial foreign bodies.

Methods: A total of 246 children were diagnosed with bronchial foreign bodies at our hospital during January 2000 until August 2009. Under local mucosal anesthesia, a bronchoscope was inserted through nasal cavity into bronchi.

[Measurement of pulmonary function with body plethysmograph in infants].

Objective: To observe the alterations of pulmonary function in infants with respiratory diseases.

Methods: A total of 900 infants with respiratory diseases were recruited and pulmonary function measured in 30 healthy infants. The tests were performed in the sleeping infants with sedation.

[Association of NRAMP1 gene polymorphisms with the susceptibility to tuberculosis in ethnic Han Chinese children].

Objective: Tuberculosis is still a public health problem. Host genetic factors, such as polymorphisms in NRAMP1 gene, may play a role in the development of tuberculosis. To clarify the effect of NRAMP1 gene polymorphisms on the development of childhood tuberculosis, the association of NRAMP1 gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to tuberculosis in the ethnic Han Chinese children was investigated.

[Diffuse panbronchiolitis in a child: case report and literature review].

Objective: Diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) is a chronic progressive disease of the lower respiratory tract, which is prevalent in Asian population. So far, many DPB cases have been found in adults in China. To our knowledge, no pediatric DPB case has ever been reported in China.