Ultrabithorax regulates Leptinotarsa decemlineata wing development along with insulin and ecdysteroid signaling pathways.

Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Colorado potato beetle, CPB) is a notorious pest of potatoes. Its hardened forewings, known as elytra, protect the hindwings and the abdomen against enemies and chemical pesticides. Ubx plays a crucial role in differentiating insect wings, but the molecular mechanism remains unclear.