Numerical study of terahertz radiation from N-polar AlGaN/GaN HEMT under asymmetric boundaries.

In this paper, we have studied the electrical excitation of plasma-wave in N-polar AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMT) under asymmetric boundaries leads to terahertz emission. Numerical calculations are conducted through the simultaneous solution of Maxwell's equations and the self-consistent hydrodynamic model. By employing this method, we solved the plasma-wave model in the channel of an N-polar AlGaN/GaN HEMT.

Deformity and revision rates after secondary unilateral cleft lip rhinoplasty with different cartilage grafts: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Secondary unilateral cleft lip (UCL) rhinoplasty is challenging for plastic surgeons, and therefore there are still risks of complications and the need for revision. In this study, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis for patients undergoing secondary UCL rhinoplasty to compare deformity and revision rates of rhinoplasty with different cartilage. The Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were systematically searched for relevant literature from the database inception to October 2022.

Age-Related Differences in the Choroid Plexus Structural Integrity Are Associated with Changes in Cognition.

The choroid plexus (CP) plays a critical role in maintaining central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis, producing cerebrospinal fluid, and regulating the entry of specific substances into the CNS from blood. CP dysfunction has been implicated in various neurological and psychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. This study investigates the relationship between CP structural integrity and cognitive decline in normative aging, using structural and advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques, including CP volume, diffusion tensor imaging indices (mean diffusivity, MD, and fractional anisotropy, FA) and relaxometry metrics (longitudinal, T , and transverse, T , relaxation times).

Ultraviolet durable and recyclable radiative cooling covering for efficient building energy saving.

Passive radiative cooling (PRC) is a zero-energy thermal management technology used for efficient building energy saving. Polymer-based porous films are promising PRC materials, but their low ultraviolet (UV) durability and lack of recyclability limit their long-term and widespread application. Herein, a recyclable polymer-based porous radiative cooling film with excellent ultraviolet durability was developed as the covering of a building.

Ultrasensitive dynamic ultraviolet imaging based on a GaO photodetector array.

Defects and noise in GaO detectors have traditionally limited their practical application. In this work, by reducing the triethylgallium flow from 200 sccm to 50 sccm, oxygen vacancy was effectively suppressed, leading to a transition in noise from Lorentzian to flicker-type, with a significant decrease in noise current from 0.15 nA to 1.

Research progress on the mechanisms of microglial extracellular vesicles affecting the prognosis of ischemic stroke.

Ischemic stroke is the major type of stroke and one of the main causes of morbidity, mortality, and long-term disability worldwide. Microglia play a complex and crucial role in stroke. They are the primary immune cells in the brain and can rapidly respond to the pathological changes caused by stroke.

Cationic liposomes as broad-spectrum antidotes for heparin-based anticoagulants.

Heparin-based anticoagulants have been widely used for the prevention and treatment of venous thrombotic diseases, as well as for anticoagulation during cardiopulmonary bypass and hemodialysis. However, excessive heparin usage brings serious bleeding risk, necessitating immediate reversal of their anticoagulant activity. Additionally, to prevent bleeding during surgery and restore hemostatic function post-cardiopulmonary bypass and hemodialysis, it is also crucial to reverse heparin's anticoagulant effects.

Deciphering significances of autophagy in the development and metabolism of adipose tissue.

The mechanisms of adipose tissue activation and inactivation have been a hot topic of research in the last decade, from which countermeasures have been attempted to be found against obesity as well as other lipid metabolism-related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Autophagy has been shown to be closely related to the regulation of adipocyte activity, which is involved in the whole process including white adipocyte differentiation/maturation and brown or beige adipocyte generation/activation. Dysregulation of autophagy in adipose tissue has been demonstrated to be associated with obesity.

Ultrabroadband Directional Tunable Thermal Emission Control Based on Vanadium Dioxide Photonic Structures.

The manipulation of thermal radiation amplitude or direction over a broadband spectrum is a fundamental capability, demonstrating significant potential in thermal management and infrared information encryption. However, existing approaches cannot control both aspects simultaneously. In this study, an ultrabroadband directional tunable thermal emitter (UDTTE) utilizing the metal-insulator transition properties of vanadium dioxide photonic structure and the Brewster effect is proposed.

Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Specific Affinity Peptide-Modified Adipose Decellularized Scaffolds for Promoting Adipogenesis.

Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are known to promote angiogenesis and adipogenesis. However, their limited ability to efficiently target and integrate into specific tissues poses a major challenge for ADSC-based therapies. In this study, we identified a seven-amino acid peptide sequence (P7) with high specificity for ADSCs using phage display technology.

Predictive value of rectal MRI variables for pathological complete response in locally advanced rectal cancer following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.

Purpose: To evaluate the predictive value of MRI-determined variables for pathological complete response (pCR) in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT).

Methods: Clinical data were collected from patients who received NCRT between January 2019 and 2022. Patients with rectal adenocarcinoma, cT3-4N0, or TanyN1-2 were included.

De-SUMO1ylated hexokinase 1 selectively degraded by ubiquitin-proteasome pathway promotes boar sperm capacitation in vitro.

This study investigates the effect of de-SUMOylated hexokinase 1 (HK1) degradation on sperm capacitation in vitro. Sperm from adult Landrace pigs was divided into three groups: non-capacitated group, capacitated group, and 16 mM 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) group. Immunoprecipitation was performed to detect the binding levels of HK1 and small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 (SUMO1) before and after capacitation.

Delivering miR-23b-3p by small extracellular vesicles to promote cell senescence and aberrant lipid metabolism.

Background: Aging is a natural process that affects the majority of organs within the organism. The liver, however, plays a pivotal role in maintaining the organism's homeostasis due to its robust regenerative and metabolic capabilities. Nevertheless, the liver also undergoes the effects of aging, which can result in a range of metabolic disorders.

Rationale and design of a multicentre randomised controlled trial on circulating tumour DNA-guided neoadjuvant treatment strategy for locally advanced rectal cancer (CINTS-R).

Background: The traditional neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) combined with total mesorectal excision has been widely accepted as the standard treatment for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). New strategies such as total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) and neoadjuvant immunotherapy have shown great promise in certain patient populations. Currently, there is an urgent need to stratify patients before treatment to adopt the appropriate neoadjuvant strategies.

Long-Term Resorption Rates of Conchal and Rib Cartilage Grafts in Nasal Tip Plasty in Asian Patients: A Retrospective Study.

Background: Autologous cartilage has been extensively employed in nasal tip plasty procedures. Nevertheless, long-term resorption rates of autologous cartilage grafts, particularly on the nasal tip, remain uncertain to surgeons worldwide. Thus, the present study aims to assess the resorption rate of conchal cartilage and rib cartilage.

Association of Plasma Biomarkers of Alzheimer Disease and Neurodegeneration With Longitudinal Intra-Network Functional Brain Connectivity.

Background And Objectives: Alzheimer disease (AD) is defined by cortical β-amyloid (Aβ), tau, and neurodegeneration, which contribute to cognitive decline, in part, by altering large-scale functional brain networks. While cortical Aβ and tau have been associated with changes in functional brain connectivity, it is unknown whether plasma biomarkers relate to such changes. In a healthy community sample of cognitively unimpaired adults free from major CNS disease from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, we examined whether plasma biomarkers of AD pathology (Aβ, phosphorylated tau [pTau-181]), astrogliosis (glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP]), and neuronal injury (neurofilament light chain [NfL]) were associated with longitudinal changes in functional connectivity and whether changes in functional connectivity were related to longitudinal cognition.

MAPK4 inhibits the early aberrant activation of B cells in rheumatoid arthritis by promoting the IRF4-SHIP1 signaling pathway.

The involvement of B lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is well-established, with their early and aberrant activation being a crucial factor. However, the mechanisms underlying this abnormal activation in RA remain incompletely understood. In this study, we identified a significant reduction in MAPK4 expression in both RA patients and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse models, which correlates with disrupted B cell activation.

The role of hypoxia/ischemia preconditioning in ischemic stroke.

Ischemic stroke can cause damage to neurons, resulting in neurological dysfunction. The main treatments in the acute phase include intravenous thrombolysis, endovascular stent-assisted vascular thrombectomy and antiplatelet therapy. Due to the limitations of the time window and the risk of early intracranial hemorrhage, finding active treatment plans is crucial for improving therapy.

Expert consensus on classification and diagnosis of congenital orofacial cleft.

Congenital orofacial cleft, the most common birth defect in the maxillofacial region, exhibits a wide range of prognosis depending on the severity of deformity and underlying etiology. Non-syndromic congenital orofacial clefts typically present with milder deformities and more favorable treatment outcomes, whereas syndromic congenital orofacial clefts often manifest with concomitant organ abnormalities, which pose greater challenges for treatment and result in poorer prognosis. This consensus provides an elaborate classification system for varying degrees of orofacial clefts along with corresponding diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines.

Effect of photobiological regulation of green laser on orthodontic tooth retention in rats.

Green lasers have a stronger effect on promoting osteoblast differentiation, which is critical for orthodontic tooth retention. This study investigated the impact of green laser photobiomodulation on orthodontic tooth retention in rats. A total of 100 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups: Group A (control) and Group B (green laser irradiation).

Unravelling the TCRβ repertoire: a key to unlocking the immunopathogenesis and precision medicine in SLE.

Objectives: SLE is a multifaceted autoimmune disorder with a complex pathogenesis involving genetic, environmental and hormonal factors, which converge on immune dysregulation. The T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire's role in SLE has garnered significant interest due to its potential in both diagnostics and therapeutics. Our study aimed to delineate the variances in the TCRβ repertoire between patients with SLE and healthy individuals, correlating these differences with the severity and subtypes of SLE.

Molecular mechanism of osteoclast differentiation of PBMC in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune condition that causes severe joint deformities and impaired functionality, affecting the well-being and daily life of individuals. Consequently, there is a pressing demand for identifying viable therapeutic targets for treating RA. This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms of osteoclast differentiation in PBMC from patients with RA through transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis.

Loneliness and Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease, Axonal Damage, and Astrogliosis: A Coordinated Analysis of Two Longitudinal Cohorts.

Objectives: Loneliness is associated with an elevated risk of dementia. There is mixed evidence from imaging studies on whether loneliness is associated with neuropathology in dementia-free adults. This study tests whether loneliness is associated with plasma neurobiomarkers of amyloid (Aβ42/Aβ40), phosphorylated tau 181 (pTau181), neurofilament light chain (NfL), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and imaging measures of amyloid and tau.

USP18 Promotes Cholesterol Efflux and Mitigates Atherosclerosis by Deubiquitinating ABCG1.

Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are integral regulators of protein stability. Among these, Ubiquitin-specific protease 18 (USP18) has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for heart failure. However, its precise role in atherosclerosis remains to be comprehensively understood.

Integrated Network Pharmacology and Metabolomics to Investigate the Effects and Possible Mechanisms of Ginsenoside Rg Glycine Ester Derivative Against Hypoxia.

Previous studies have suggested that ginsenoside Rg glycine ester derivative (RG) exhibits therapeutic potential in mitigating hypoxia. This study aimed to elucidate the potential mechanism of RG in hypoxia injury through a combined approach of metabolomics and network pharmacology. Initially, a CoCl-induced cell hypoxia model was established, and the therapeutic impact of RG on biochemical indices was evaluated.