Evaluation of salivary endothelin-1 as a biomarker for oral cancer and precancer.

Context: Oral cancer is highly prevalent in India. Lack of awareness and delay in diagnosis and treatment of patients with oral cancer leads to high mortality and poor survival of patients. Salivary endothelin-1 is proposed as a prospective biomarker for oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Urinary microRNA-10a levels in diagnosis and prognosis of urinary bladder cancer.

Background: Urinary bladder cancer (UBC) is a disease quite common in developed countries; however, its incidence is increasing in developing countries as well. The diagnosis of UBC is generally based on a number of methods, of which urinary cytology is a very commonly used one. But it is not very reliable.

Assessment of in situ stabilization and heavy metal toxicity reduction of sugar mill pressmud through pilot scale composting.

Owing to a huge amount of industrial organic waste generation in the recent past, concerned industries are facing immense challenges for in situ treatment and disposal of such wastes. Therefore, in this study, the efficacy assessment of in situ windrow composting of pressmud (PM) produced by sugar industry has been investigated. Samples were grabbed and mixed from windrows having composting days of 15 (PM15), 30 (PM30), and 45 (PM45) and were collected along with a compost sample from the 60th day (PMC) windrow.

Structural interactions of phytoconstituent(s) from cinnamon, bay leaf, oregano, and parsley with SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein: A comparative assessment for development of potential antiviral nutraceuticals.

SARS-CoV-2 has been responsible for causing 6,218,308 deaths globally till date and has garnered worldwide attention. The lack of effective preventive and therapeutic drugs against SARS-CoV-2 has further worsened the scenario and has bolstered research in the area. The N-terminal and C-terminal RNA binding domains (NTD and CTD) of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein represent attractive therapeutic drug targets.

Anticancer potential of Phoenix dactylifera L. seed extract in human cancer cells and pro-apoptotic effects mediated through caspase-3 dependent pathway in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells: an in vitro and in silico investigation.

Background: Phoenix dactylifera L. has a diverse set of pharmacological properties due to its distinct phytochemical profile. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anticancer potential of Phoenix dactylifera seed extract (PDSE) in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells, as well as liver cancer HepG2 cells, and to investigate the anticancer efficacy in triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cells, followed by in silico validation of the molecular interaction between active components of PDSE and caspase-3, an apoptosis executioner protein .

Detection of human papillomavirus high-risk genotypes in rural women of Lucknow, North India.

Background: Human papilloma virus (HPV) has been widely implicated in cervical carcinogenesis and 90% of carcinoma cervix cases are due to high-risk HPV infection. This study was done to find the high-risk HPV genotypes in the rural women of Lucknow, North India.

Materials And Methods: HPV-DNA testing has been carried out in 130 cases of squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) of the cervix to find HPV status and type of high-risk HPV genotype infecting the rural women.

Dry tomb - bioreactor landfilling approach for enhanced biodegradation and biomethane generation from municipal solid waste Co-disposed with sugar mill pressmud.

In this study, anaerobic co-landfilling of municipal solid waste (MSW) and sugar mill pressmud (PM) was performed in four different proportions [PM:MSW] viz. 0:1 (control: BR1), 1:3 (BR2), 1:1 (BR3) and 3:1 (BR4). Efficacy assessment of Dry tomb - Bioreactor landfill (DTLF - BRLF) operation was carried out through leachate characterization and biomethane production.

Phytochemicals from Ajwa dates pulp extract induce apoptosis in human triple-negative breast cancer by inhibiting AKT/mTOR pathway and modulating Bcl-2 family proteins.

Ajwa dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.) have been described in traditional and alternative medicine to provide several health benefits, but their mechanism of apoptosis induction against human triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells remains to be investigated. In this study, we analyzed the phytoconstituents in ethanolic Ajwa Dates Pulp Extract (ADPE) by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and investigated anticancer effects against MDA-MB-231 cells.

Investigating leachate decontamination and biomethane augmentation through Co-disposal of paper mill sludge with municipal solid waste in simulated anaerobic landfill bioreactors.

The study aims to investigate the feasibility of anaerobic co-landfilling of effluent treatment plant sludge (ETPS) from paper mill and municipal solid waste (MSW) in prismoidal shaped simulated anaerobic landfill bioreactors. Both ETPS and MSW were co-disposed in 0:100 (R1), 25:75 (R2), 50:50 (R3) and 75:25 (R4) ratios. Periodic assessments of leachate characteristics and biomethane production were carried out for 300 days.

Indirect implications of COVID-19 towards sustainable environment: An investigation in Indian context.

Efficacious transmittal of COVID-19 has compelled numerous countries worldwide to embrace temporary yet dramatic measures such as locking down entire cities, restricting all forms of transportation, imposing lockdowns, maintaining social distancing etc. These actions have considerably enhanced the quality of ambient air and water. India, being a densely populated country, imposed a strict nationwide lockdown mandate since the last week of March 2020.

Exploring nature's bounty: identification of as a promising source of therapeutic agents against COVID-19 by virtual screening and evaluation.

Coronaviruses are etiological agents of extreme human and animal infection resulting in abnormalities primarily in the respiratory tract. Presently, there is no defined COVID-19 intervention and clinical trials of prospective therapeutic agents are still in the nascent stage. (L.

Assessment of micronuclei counts as tumour marker in cervical carcinogenesis: A follow-up study.

Objective: Micronuclei counts were performed in cervical smears with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix (LSIL) to assess its potentiality as tumour marker in cervical carcinogenesis.

Methods: The cases studied were from the ongoing rural cervical cancer screening in west Lucknow, India. Micronuclei counts were performed in the cervical smears of 100 LSIL cases, and the number of cells with micronuclei was defined as micronucleated cells (MNC) and the number of micronuclei per 1000 cells as MNC score.

Immunohistochemical expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase in oral cancer and precancer: A case-control study.

Introduction: Telomere Length is critically important in normal cells and telomere shortening in combination with other oncogenic changes- promotes genome instability, potentially stimulating initiation of the early stages of cancer.

Aim: The present study was carried out to detect human telomerase reverse transcriptase expression in oral cancer and pre-cancerous lesions by immunohistochemistry.

Materials And Methods: An observational study was planned in which a total of 45 biopsy specimen of oral mucosa was obtained.

Anticancer Potential of Dietary Natural Products: A Comprehensive Review.

Nature is a rich source of natural drug-like compounds with minimal side effects. Phytochemicals better known as "Natural Products" are found abundantly in a number of plants. Since time immemorial, spices have been widely used in Indian cuisine as flavoring and coloring agents.

Synergic effects of cancer stem cells markers, CD44 and embryonic stem cell transcription factor Nanog, on bladder cancer prognosis.

: Therapy that targets cancer stem cells has the potential to eradicate cancer and prevent tumour recurrence. Therefore, we hypothesized the combined prognostic significance of stem cell markers CD44 (prevalent in basal layer of urothelial carcinoma) and Nanog (embryonic stem cell transcription factor) in bladder cancer.: CD44 and Nanog expression were determined by immunohistochemistry in 112 bladder cancer cases of which 79 were non-muscle invasive and 33 muscle invasive.

ASCUS (Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance) in the Cervical Smears of Women from Rural Population of Lucknow West.

Background: Though Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) are not always precursors of cervical pre-malignancy but they need timely diagnosis and careful periodical follow-up.

Aim: The present study was carried out to investigate the incidence of ASCUS and SIL (squamous intraepithelial lesion of cervix) in women under rural setting.

Materials And Methods: Cervical cancer screening is in progress in rural population of West Lucknow, India, since May 2013 under auspices of Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, and a total of 2478 women have been cytologically examined till October 2017.

Oct-4: a prognostic biomarker of urinary bladder cancer in North India.

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct-4), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and body mass index (BMI) as independent prognostic biomarkers for prediction of urinary bladder cancer (UBC) outcomes. With the advancement in prognostic biomarker discovery, tumor recurrence is difficult to accurately predict in UBC. UBC is costly to treat due to the requirement of frequent invasive follow-up sessions.

Clinicopathological correlation of cancer stem cell markers Oct-4 and CD133 expression as prognostic factor in malignant lesions of gallbladder: An immunohistochemical study.

Background: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most frequent biliary tract cancer, with high morbidity and poor prognosis, and shows early metastasis and invasiveness. No reliable biomarkers are available for detection of GBC progression.

Aim: To investigate the immunohistochemical expression of Oct-4 and CD133 in malignant and nonneoplastic lesions of gallbladder and to analyze the clinical significance of the expressions related to clinicopathological parameters.

Low Expression of MicroRNA335-5p Is Associated with Malignant Behavior of Gallbladder Cancer: A Clinicopathological Study.

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that regulate multiple cellular processes during cancer progression, identified to be involved in tumorgenesis of several cancers including cancers of digestive system. However its role in gallbladder inflammatory disease (GID) and gallbladder cancer (GBC) has not been well documented. The present study was aimed to investigate the clinical significance of hsa-miRNA-335-5p (miR-335) in GBC and GID.

AgNOR Pleomorphic Count as a Tumor Marker in Cervical Carcinogenesis and Feasibility of Its Introduction in Cervical Cancer Screening Programs to Discriminate High-Risk Cases of Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions of the Cervix.

Background: AgNOR pleomorphism has been widely used for its diagnostic importance in differentiating premalignant and malignant lesions of different human neoplasms. However, an evaluation of its potential for discriminating cases of high-risk squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix (SIL) has been rarely attempted.

Aim: The tumor marker potential of AgNOR pleomorphism counts was assessed by correlating high and low mean counts in low-grade SIL (LSIL) cases with persistence or regression of the lesion and HPV positivity.

Cervical cancer screening in rural India: Status & current concepts.

Cervical carcinoma is one of the most common and dreaded diseases of women, and in India, it accounts for 16 per cent of total cervical cancer cases occurring globally. The situation is more alarming in the rural areas where the majority of women are illiterate and ignorant about the hazards of cervical cancer. Different screening strategies such as rural cancer registries and camp approach for cancer detection have been found useful in minimizing the problem of cervical cancer in the villages.

Cervical Cytopathological Changes Associated with Onset of Menopause.

Background: In the life of a woman, after 40 years of age, onset of menopause occurs during which hormonal imbalances take place. The present study is aimed at finding out cytopathological changes in the cervical epithelium associated with this hormonal disturbance.

Materials And Methods: Cervical cancer screening program is in progress under auspices of Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, since May 2013, in the villages of Lucknow West through camp approach.

Cytostatic and Anti-tumor Potential of Ajwa Date Pulp against Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cells.

Ajwa dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.) are used by traditional therapeutic practitioners for several health benefits but most remain to be scientifically validated. In this study, we evaluated the apoptosis-inducing effect of ethanolic extract of Ajwa date pulp (ADP) on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) HepG2 cells.

A prospective study of association of cancer stem cell marker aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 with clinicopathological profile in lung carcinoma patients.

Context: In India, lung carcinoma is the fifth-most common tumor and second-most common tumor in the males as per the Indian Council of Medical Research registry of 2002. It has been seen that ALDH1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the presence of marker was linked to a more tumorigenic potential in the in vivo assessment and shorter disease-free survival in NSCLC patients with platinum treatment.

Aims: Hence, our objective was to detect association of cancer stem cell (CSC) marker aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) with clinicopathological profile in lung carcinoma patients.

Correlation of CD133 and Oct-4 expression with clinicopathological and demographic parameters in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients.

Objective: Squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity is one of the most common cancers of Indian subcontinent with the 5-year survival rate of 50% despite the recent advances in the treatment. The aim of the present study was to study cancer stem cell markers CD133 and Oct-4 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients and their correlation with clinicopathological variables.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective study which included 50 cases of histopathologically proven squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity.