In Silico-Guided Discovery of Polysaccharide Derivatives as Adjuvants in Nanoparticle Vaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy.

Cancer vaccines utilizing nanoparticle (NP) structures that integrate antigens and adjuvants to enhance delivery and stimulate immune responses are emerging as a promising avenue in cancer immunotherapy. However, the development of cancer vaccines has been significantly hindered by the low immunogenicity of tumor antigens. To address this challenge, substantial efforts have been made in developing innovative adjuvants to elicit effective immune responses.

Analysis of thyroid function and structure and serum metabolomics in pregnant rats exposed to airborne contaminants: Combined perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate exposure.

Objectives: Perchlorates, nitrates, and thiocyanates constitute environmental endocrine disruptors; however, health damage caused by absorption through the respiratory tract remains poorly studied. We investigated the effects of inhalation of these pollutants on thyroid function and structure and serum metabolomics in pregnant rats.

Methods: We established a Sprague-Dawley pregnant rat model exposed to perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate at different gestational stages and compared maternal serum thyroid function levels, foetal development, thyroid morphology, and pathological changes between exposed and non-exposed groups at different concentrations.

Morphological Features Influence the Drug Loading and Delivery Efficacy of Photoactivatable Gold Nanocarriers for Antitumor Photo/Chemotherapy.

Photoactivatable gold nanocarriers are transforming antitumor therapies by leveraging their distinctive physicochemical properties, enabling targeted drug delivery and enhanced therapeutic efficacy in cancer treatment. This study systematically investigates how surface topography and morphology of gold nanocarriers influence drug loading capacity, light-to-heat conversion efficiency, and overall therapeutic performance in photo/chemotherapy. We synthesized four distinct morphologies of gold nanoparticles: porous gold nanocups (PAuNCs), porous gold nanospheres (PAuNSs), solid gold nanocups (SAuNCs), and solid gold nanospheres (SAuNSs).

Responses of intestinal microbiota to inulin was initial microbiota context dependent and affected by the supplementation dosage.

Intestinal microbiota could respond to dietary fibres that are fermented by the gut microbiota, like prebiotics. Nevertheless, the dynamics of intestinal microbial community longitudinally after prebiotics intake, are still largely unknown. The current study unrevealed the successional process of intestinal microbial community after inulin supplementation, and the effect of supplementation dosage thereof, based on analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences in C57BL/6 mice.

Design, synthesis and cytotoxic activity of novel lipophilic cationic derivatives of diosgenin and sarsasapogenin.

Novel lipophilic cationic derivatives including quaternary ammonium salt and triphenylphosphine series were designed and synthesized using diosgenin (1) and sarsasapogenin (2) as substrates to improve the cytotoxicity and selectivity. Most of the derivatives showed higher cytotoxicity against all cancer cell lines tested, compound 13 exhibited the most superior activity against A549 cells with an IC value of 0.95 μM, which was 34-fold of diosgenin.

Excited-State and Steric Hindrances Engineering Enable Fast Spin-Flip Narrowband Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters with Enhanced Quenching Resistance.

Multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) materials have great potential for applications in ultrahigh-definition (UHD) organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays, that benefit from their narrowband emission characteristic. However, key challenges such as aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect and slow triplet-to-singlet spin-flip process, especially for blue MR-TADF materials, continue to impede their development due to planar skeletons and relatively large ΔESTs. Here, an effective strategy that incorporates multiple carbazole donors into the parent MR moieties is proposed, synergistically engineering their excited states and steric hindrances to enhance both the spin-flip process and quenching resistance.

Multiorgan proteomic analysis of infected animal models predict potential host factors for chikungunya virus.

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that is primarily known for causing severe joint and muscle symptoms, but its pathological effects have extended beyond these tissues. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive proteomic analysis across various organs in rodent and nonhuman primate models to investigate CHIKV's impact on organs beyond joints and muscles and to identify key host factors involved in its pathogenesis. Our findings reveal significant species-specific similarities and differences in immune responses and metabolic regulation, with proteins like Interferon-Stimulated Gene 15 (ISG15) and Retinoic Acid-Inducible Gene I (RIG-I) playing crucial roles in the anti-CHIKV defense.

[Pediatric cardiac allograft transplantation: a clinicopathological study of twelve recipient hearts].

To analyze the morphologic changes and the extent of severity in end-stage heart disease; and to explore the correlation with their clinical features. Twelve cases of recipients who underwent pediatric cardiac allograft transplantation were collected from May 2022 to November 2023 at the Seventh Medical Center of People's Liberation Army of China General Hospital. Gross pathologic examinations were performed and morphological changes were observed under a light microscope after HE, Masson's trichrome, and reticulin staining.

Sugarcane Pan-Transcriptome Identifying a Master Gene Regulating Lignin and Sugar Traits.

Sugarcane has the most complex polyploid genome in the world, and sugar-related traits are one of the most important aims in sugarcane breeding. It is essential to construct a representative pan-transcriptome that contains all transcripts of a species for studies on genetic diversity, population expression, and omics analyses in sugarcane. In this study, we constructed the first comprehensive pan-transcriptome for sugarcane, and 8434 highly reliable open reading frames were found, which were not aligned with any published sugarcane genome.

Constructing a Self-Referenced NIR-II Thermometer with Energy Tuning of Coordinating Water Molecules by a Minimalist Method.

Fluorescence thermometry based on metal halide perovskites is increasingly becoming a hotspot due to its advantages of high detection sensitivity, noninvasiveness, and fast response time. However, it still presents certain technical challenges in practical applications, such as complex synthesis methods, the use of toxic solvents, and being currently mainly based on the visible/first near-infrared light with poor penetration and severe autofluorescence. In this study, we synthesize the second near-infrared (NIR-II) luminescent crystals based on Yb/Nd-doped zero-dimensional CsScCl·HO by a simple "dissolve-dry" method.

Exposure to Bisphenol A jeopardizes decidualization and consequently triggers preeclampsia by up-regulating CYP1B1.

Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-related disease that poses a significant threat to the health of both the mother and the fetus. Previous studies have primarily focused on the role of the placenta in PE pathogenesis; however, normal decidualization is crucial for the subsequent development of the placenta and pregnancy. Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental endocrine disruptor commonly used in the synthesis of polycarbonate and epoxy resins.

The Mechanism and Clinical Significance of Sperm DNA Damage in Assisted Reproductive.

The prevalence of sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) is significantly higher in males with infertility, which is often associated with oligozoospermia and hypospermia. It can also occur in patients with infertility who have normal conventional semen indicators. The etiologies involve aberrations in sperm maturation, dysregulated apoptotic processes, and heightened levels of oxidative stress.

Mitigating Passivation Layer Damage and Lowering Contact Resistivity of TOPcon Solar Cells Through Low PbO Content Ag Paste.

The development of front-side pastes suitable for devices with high sheet resistance such as tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon), is of great significance but remains a considerable challenge. The optimization of the Ag-Si contact interface is crucial for enhancing contact and improving the efficiency of these devices. This work investigates the front-side Ag pastes with low Al content (<2 wt.

Melatonin mitigates intervertebral disc degeneration by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation via the EGR1/DDX3X pathway.

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), is one of the leading causes of low back pain. Inflammation is considered to be the main pathophysiological process of IVDD. The nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated inflammatory responses are critically involved in the progression of IVDD.

A Chemiluminescence Signal Amplification Method for MicroRNA Detection: The Combination of Molecular Aptamer Beacons with Enzyme-Free Hybridization Chain Reaction.

The association between microRNA (miRNA) and various diseases has been established; miRNAs have the potential to be biomarkers for these diseases. Nevertheless, the challenge of correctly quantifying an miRNA arises from its low abundance and a high degree of family homology. Therefore, in the present study, we devised a chemiluminescence (CL) detection method for miRNAs, known as the hybridization chain reaction (HCR)-CL, utilizing the enzyme-free signal amplification technology of HCR.

Artificial Intelligence Holds Promise for Transforming Public Health Nutrition.

The intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) and public health nutrition is rapidly evolving, offering transformative potential for how we understand, assess, and improve population health [...

Correlation Analysis Between Prognostic Nutritional Index Trajectory Categories and Radiotherapy-induced Severe Oral Mucositis in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy.

Purpose: To establish the potential prognostic nutritional index (PNI) trajectory categories and examine the association between these PNI trajectory categories and severe radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis (RIOM).

Materials And Methods: This was a longitudinal retrospective observational study on 470 head and neck cancer inpatients who were to undergo radiotherapy from a grade-A tertiary hospital in Hunan Province between July 2022 and October 2023. The latent class growth model and growth mixed model were used to identify PNI trajectory categories.

Naringenin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles alleviate oxidative stress and enhance oral bioavailability of naringenin.

Naringenin (Nrg) is the most abundant natural dietary flavonoid with promising anti-inflammatory potential. However, its therapeutic application is limited due to poor absorption, low bioavailability, and inability to cross physiological barriers. Herein, we designed biocompatible solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) to overcome these challenges and to enhance the oral bioavailability and therapeutic potential of Nrg.

Decoding the Ferroptosis-Related Gene Signatures and Immune Infiltration Patterns in Ovarian Cancer: Bioinformatic Prediction Integrated with Experimental Validation.

Background: Ovarian cancer is a type of gynecological cancer with extremely high fatality rate. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent regulated cell death, inhibits the immune infiltration of tumor cells. Therefore, it is worthwhile to explore the effects of ferroptosis-related gene signatures and immune infiltration patterns on the clinical prognosis of ovarian cancer.

Design of a novel high-speed tensile method for testing the high strain rate tensile behavior of aluminum alloys.

The high-strain rate mechanical behavior of aluminum alloys is crucial for the stability of electromagnetic launch systems. However, current high-strain rate testing methods are not suitable for large-scale screening of materials needed in electromagnetic launch systems due to their low precision and high cost. In this paper, a novel method for high-strain rate tensile testing of aluminum alloys based on magnetic pulse driving was proposed.

Evidence summary on perioperative non-pharmacological prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with pancreatic cancer.

Objective: To summarize the best evidence related to perioperative non-pharmacologic prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with pancreatic cancer, and improve the quality of clinical practice.

Methods: According to the "6S" evidence pyramid model, we searched guideline networks, professional society websites, and comprehensive databases for clinical decisions, clinical guidelines, expert consensus, evidence summaries, and systematic reviews related to perioperative non-pharmacological prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with pancreatic cancer. The literature quality assessment followed appropriate tools.

Key Metabolites Influencing Astringency and Bitterness in Yinghong 9 Large-Leaf Dark Tea Before and After Pile-Fermentation.

Understanding the impacts of pile-fermentation on the taste quality of dark tea (DT) is crucial. Although the large-leaf DT, Yinghong 9 DT, was successfully developed, its taste quality was not systematically studied. This research aims to analyze how pile-fermentation affects taste.