When the wild things are: Defining mammalian diel activity and plasticity.

Circadian rhythms are a mechanism by which species adapt to environmental variability and fundamental to understanding species behavior. However, we lack data and a standardized framework to accurately assess and compare temporal activity for species during rapid ecological change. Through a global network representing 38 countries, we leveraged 8.

Abundant ammonia and nitrogen-rich soluble organic matter in samples from asteroid (101955) Bennu.

Organic matter in meteorites reveals clues about early Solar System chemistry and the origin of molecules important to life, but terrestrial exposure complicates interpretation. Samples returned from the B-type asteroid Bennu by the Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security-Regolith Explorer mission enabled us to study pristine carbonaceous astromaterial without uncontrolled exposure to Earth's biosphere. Here we show that Bennu samples are volatile rich, with more carbon, nitrogen and ammonia than samples from asteroid Ryugu and most meteorites.

Spatiotemporal dynamics of suspended sediment in coastal Mekong Delta: a hydrodynamic modelling approach under tropical monsoon climate.

Suspended sediment concentration (SSC) plays a pivotal role in shaping coastal dynamics, impacting terrestrial and marine ecosystems. This study employed the hydrodynamic model MIKE21 to simulate hydrological runoff and sediment transport within the Mekong River's fluvial-marine continuum, the longest river in Southeast Asia currently challenged with escalating anthropogenic pressures and sea-level rise. By strategically selecting hourly observed data from various locations (river channel, coastal estuary) and periods (dry and rainy seasons) for model calibration and validation, we demonstrated the robust performance of the model simulation of both water levels (RMSE: 0.

Prospective validation study: a non-invasive circulating tumor DNA-based assay for simultaneous early detection of multiple cancers in asymptomatic adults.

Background: Non-invasive multi-cancer early detection (MCED) tests have shown promise in enhancing early cancer detection. However, their clinical utility across diverse populations remains underexplored, limiting their routine implementation. This study aims to validate the clinical utility of a multimodal non-invasive circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)-based MCED test, SPOT-MAS (Screening for the Presence Of Tumor by DNA Methylation And Size).

Prevailing Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Hospitalized Patients with Urinary Tract Infections in a Vietnamese Teaching Hospital (2014 - 2021).

Purpose: In a Vietnamese teaching hospital, this study examined the prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of common bacteria isolated from hospitalized patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) between 2014 and 2021.

Methods: From 4060 urine samples collected, common pathogens were isolated using quantitative culture on brilliance UTI Clarity agar and blood agar. Bacterial identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and multidrug resistance (MDR) classification followed standardized techniques.

Outcome of Pleural Empyema Treated With Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery in Patients With Severe Co-Morbidities: An Observational Study.

Background: Empyema patients with poor physical condition and severe comorbidities face a significant challenge, with difficulties in choosing appropriate treatment methods, limited treatment outcomes, and a high rate of complications and mortality.

Objective: To comment on the indications and to evaluate the treatment outcomes of pleural empyema in patients with poor physical condition and severe comorbidities by thoracoscopic surgery.

Methods: An observational study on 12 patients treated at the Department of Thoracic Surgery - Military Hospital 103, from January 2017 to December 2022.

Insertion/deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene in lupus nephritis at Cho Ray hospital, Vietnam.

The pathogenesis for poor kidney outcomes in lupus nephritis (LN) remains uncertain. There is limited evidence on the association between angiotensin-converting enzyme polymorphism and LN with kidney failure. To determine the distribution of alleles and genotypes and the correlation between ACE I/D polymorphism and kidney outcomes in LN participants.

Herding unmasked: Insights into cryptocurrencies, stocks and US ETFs.

Herding behavior has become a familiar phenomenon to investors, with potential dangers of both undervaluing and overvaluing assets, while also threatening market stability. This study contributes to the literature on herding behavior by using a recent dataset, covering the most impactful events of recent years. To our knowledge, this is the first study examining herding behavior across three different types of investment vehicle and also the first study observing herding at a community (subset) level.

Neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy application in radical esophagectomy surgery: Safety and feasibility: A descriptive study in Vietnam.

Esophageal cancer (EC) ranks as the 7th most prevalent form of cancer and the 6th leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally. Neoadjuvant therapy, encompassing neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy, has shown promise in reducing the staging of EC and mitigating the risk of early systemic spread. This study seeks to assess the safety and viability of implementing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) in conjunction with radical esophagectomy surgery for Vietnamese patients diagnosed with locally advanced EC.

Knowledge and attitudes about dementia among nursing students in Vietnam: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Dementia is one of the most pressing health concerns among the ageing population, imposing significant health, financial and caregiving burdens on people with dementia (PWD), their families and caregivers. Building the capacity of nursing students is essential for effectively improving quality of life for affected people. This study aimed to assess nursing students' knowledge and attitudes toward dementia and its associated factors.

Hierarchical Selenium-Doped Nickel-Cobalt Hybrids on Carbon Paper for the Overall Water-Splitting Electrocatalytic System.

Designing and constructing hierarchically structured materials with heterogeneous compositions is the key to developing an effective catalyst for overall water-splitting applications. Herein, we report the fabrication of hollow-structured selenium-doped nickel-cobalt hybrids on carbon paper as a self-supported electrode (denoted as Se-Ni|Co/CP, where Ni|Co hybrids consist of nickel-cobalt alloy-incorporated nickel-cobalt oxide). The procedure involves direct growth of zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67) on bimetal-based nickel-cobalt hydroxide (NiCoOH) electrodeposited on CP, followed by selenous etching and pyrolysis to obtain the final Se-Ni|Co/CP electrocatalytic system.

Evidence for low bioavailability of dietary nanoparticulate cerium in a freshwater food chain.

Radioactive Ce in ionic (I-Ce), nano (N-Ce, 11 ± 9 nm mean primary particle size ± standard deviation) and micron-sized (M-Ce, 530 ± 440 µm) forms associated with natural and artificial diets in natural river water and synthetic freshwater were used to measure the real-time biokinetics of dietary Ce assimilation in a freshwater food chain. The model food chain consisted of microalgae (Raphidocelis subcapitata), snails (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) and prawns (Macrobrachium australiense). Pulse-chase experiments showed that 91-100 % of all forms of cerium associated with all diets and water types were eliminated from the digestive system of the snail and prawn within 24 h, with no detectable cerium assimilation.

Association of smartphone and internet addiction with mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Excessive use of smartphones and the Internet can lead to addiction and may increase the risk of developing mental disorders, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized the existing literature reporting the impact of smartphone and Internet addiction on mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: A systematic search was performed on two databases, PubMed and EMBASE, following the PRISMA guidelines to identify articles conducted from December 2019 when the COVID-19 pandemic began to emerge.

Impacts of a puberty and period education intervention among 9- to 12-year-old girls in the New York metropolitan area: a randomized trial.

Objectives: To evaluate the immediate impacts of an illustrated book on puberty and periods for girls in the United States (US).

Methods: We conducted a randomized educational intervention between February-May 2023 among girls ages 9-12 years in after-school programs in the New York metropolitan area (n = 123). Girls were assigned to read a book on puberty and periods or an alternative book on healthy eating.

Enhancing Chitin Production as a Fermentation Byproduct through a Genetic Toolbox That Activates the Cell Wall Integrity Response.

Often, the value of the whole biomass from fermentation processes is not exploited, as commercial interests are focused on the main product that is typically either accumulated within cells or secreted into the medium. One underutilized fraction of yeast cells is the cell wall that contains valuable polysaccharides, such as chitin, known for its biocompatibility and biodegradability, which are thought of as valuable properties in diverse industries. Therefore, the valorization of waste biomass from fermentation to coproduce chitin could significantly improve the overall profitability and sustainability of biomanufacturing processes.

Foot and Ankle Reconstruction Using Retrograde Lateral Supramalleolar Flap.

 Treatment of soft-tissue defects in the foot and ankle is a challenge. The use of a retrograde lateral supramalleolar flap is a promising technique for reconstruction. This study aims to assess the efficacy and outcomes of the technique.

Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Japanese Encephalitis Vaccination for Children <15 Years of Age, Bangladesh.

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is preventable using the affordable, effective, and safe live attenuated SA 14-14-2 JE vaccine (CD-JEV). We used a Markov model to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of 1 dose of CD-JEV compared with no vaccination in 3 vaccination strategies in Bangladesh: subnational campaign and routine immunization, subnational campaign and national routine immunization, and national routine immunization alone. For input parameters, we gathered information from a cost-of-illness study, medical literature, government documents, and expert opinions.

The actomyosin system is essential for the integrity of the endosomal system in bloodstream form .

The actin cytoskeleton is a ubiquitous feature of eukaryotic cells, yet its complexity varies across different taxa. In the parasitic protist , a rudimentary actomyosin system consisting of one actin gene and two myosin genes has been retained despite significant investment in the microtubule cytoskeleton. The functions of this highly simplified actomyosin system remain unclear, but appear to centre on the endomembrane system.

Safety and Efficacy of Thrombectomy in Vietnamese Stroke Patients Selected through Perfusion Imaging with an Onset Time between 6 and 24 Hours.

Introduction: Recent trials have demonstrated the remarkable benefit of endovascular treatment (EVT) up to 24 h in patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) and target mismatch profiles; however, benefits of late-window EVT in Vietnamese population remain poorly understood. This study aims to evaluate the real-world outcomes of EVT in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients selected using perfusion imaging within the 6-24-h window.

Methods: This is a prospective study of consecutive patients with anterior circulation LVO stroke who underwent EVT within 6-24 h after last known well between August 2022 and March 2024.

Insights into molecular mechanisms of phytochemicals in quorum sensing modulation for bacterial biofilm control.

Biofilm formation is a common mechanism by which bacteria undergo phenotypic changes to adapt to environmental stressors. The formation of biofilms has a detrimental impact in clinical settings by contributing to chronic infections and promoting antibiotic resistance. Delving into the molecular mechanisms, the quorum sensing (QS) system involves the release of chemical signals for bacterial cell-to-cell communication, which activates and regulates the expression of various genes and virulence factors, including those related to biofilm formation.

The Effect of Wettability on Confinement-Induced Phase Behavior and Storage of Alkane in Nanoporous Media.

The impact of wettability on the confined phase behavior of fluids is paramount for various applications, such as gas storage, carbon dioxide sequestration, and water purification. However, the understanding of the fluid-solid intermolecular interactions in confined systems is still limited and requires further investigation. This work investigates the effect of hydrophilic and hydrophobic nanoporous materials on the adsorption and desorption isotherms of -butane.