Identification of a conserved cryptic epitope with cross-immunoreactivity in outer membrane protein K (OmpK) from Vibrio species.

Outer membrane protein K (OmpK) has been proven to be an ideal vaccine candidate for broad-spectrum cross-prevention against Vibriosis. However, due to the extensive biological and genetic diversity of Vibrio species, current OmpK subunit vaccines can only target different strains of the same bacterial species or closely related species and have difficulty providing promising cross-immunoprotection against more diverse Vibrio infections. In recent years, the development of epitope-focused vaccines has been described as the latest stage in the development of vaccine formulations, providing new ideas for the development of broad-spectrum Vibrio vaccines.

Low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase: A driver of lipid metabolic remodeling in Caenorhabditis elegans.

As a member of the class II cysteine-based protein tyrosine phosphatases, low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMWPTP) plays a pivotal role in animal physiology, particularly in signaling transduction, but its specific function in lipid metabolism remains poorly understood. Herein, the structure and metabolic functions of LMWPTP were investigated using the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) as a convenient model.

Natural endogenous material-based vehicles for delivery of macromolecular drugs.

Natural endogenous materials (NEMs), such as cell and cell derivatives, polysaccharide, protein and peptide, and nucleic acid-derived vectors, often exhibit biocompatibility, biodegradability and natural homing ability, which can minimize adverse reactions in vivo and have the potential to improve drug delivery efficacy. Currently, a variety of drug delivery systems (DDSs) based on NEMs have been constructed for macromolecules to address the challenges posed by their inherent large size, intricate structure, low permeability, and susceptibility to harsh environments. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of various delivery strategies that predominantly utilize NEMs as carriers for macromolecular delivery.

The International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean Version 5.0.

Knowledge about seafloor depth, or bathymetry, is crucial for various marine activities, including scientific research, offshore industry, safety of navigation, and ocean exploration. Mapping the central Arctic Ocean is challenging due to the presence of perennial sea ice, which limits data collection to icebreakers, submarines, and drifting ice stations. The International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO) was initiated in 1997 with the goal of updating the Arctic Ocean bathymetric portrayal.

The addition of vermiculite reduced antibiotic resistance genes during composting: Novel insights based on reducing host bacteria abundance and inhibiting plasmid-mediated conjugative transfer.

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are prevalent in raw materials used for composting. The utilization of eco-friendly materials for the removal of ARGs is regarded as an economically effective method. Therefore, this study focused on the impact of incorporating different proportions of vermiculite (0% (CK), 5% (T1), and 10% (T2)) on the dynamics of ARGs during composting.

Exogenous additives reshape the microbiome and promote the reduction of resistome in co-composting of pig manure and mushroom residue.

Comprehensive understanding of the microbiome and resistome evolution in compost is crucial for guaranteeing the safety of organic fertilizers. Current studies using different composting systems and sequencing technologies have yielded varying conclusions on the efficacy of exogenous additives (EAs) in reducing antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in compost. This study employed metagenomics to investigate the impact of various EAs on microbial communities, ARGs, their coexistence with mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and ARG hosts in co-composting.

Double Braking Effects of Nanomedicine on Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore for Treating Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening is a key hallmark of injured type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECIIs) in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Inhibiting mPTP opening in AECIIs is considered a potential IPF treatment. Herein, a "double braking" strategy on mPTP by cyclosporin A (CsA) derived ionizable lipid with 3D structure (3D-lipid) binding cyclophilin D (CypD) and siRNA downregulating mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) expression is proposed for treating IPF.

Autophagic cell death induced by pH modulation for enhanced iron-based chemodynamic therapy.

Iron-based chemodynamic therapy (CDT) exhibits commendable biocompatibility and selectivity, but its efficacy is constrained by the intracellular pH of tumors. To overcome this obstacle, we constructed a silica delivery platform loaded with autophagy-inducing reagents (rapamycin, RAPA) and iron-based Fenton reagents (FeO). This platform was utilized to explore a novel strategy that leverages autophagy to decrease tumor acidity, consequently boosting the effectiveness of CDT.

Measurements of Thermal Resistance Across Buried Interfaces with Frequency-Domain Thermoreflectance and Microscale Confinement.

Confined geometries are used to increase measurement sensitivity to thermal boundary resistance at buried SiO interfaces with frequency-domain thermoreflectance (FDTR). We show that radial confinement of the transducer film and additional underlying material layers prevents heat from spreading and increases the thermal penetration depth of the thermal wave. Parametric analyses are performed with finite element methods and used to examine the extent to which the thermal penetration depth increases as a function of a material's effective thermal resistance and the degree of material confinement relative to the pump beam diameter.

Overexpression of SlWRKY6 enhances drought tolerance by strengthening antioxidant defense and stomatal closure via ABA signaling in Solanum lycopersicum L.

Drought is a major handicap for plant growth and development. WRKY proteins comprise one of the largest families of plant transcription factors, playing important roles in plant growth and stress tolerance. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.

Lipid Nanoparticular Codelivery System for Enhanced Antitumor Effects by Ferroptosis-Apoptosis Synergistic with Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 Downregulation.

Intrinsic or acquired resistance to chemical drugs severely limits their therapeutic efficacy in cancer treatment. Various intracellular antioxidant molecules, particularly glutathione (GSH), play a crucial role in maintaining intracellular redox homeostasis by mitigating the overproduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to rapid cell proliferation. Notably, these antioxidants also eliminate chemical-drug-induced ROS, eventually diminishing their cytotoxicity and rendering them less effective.

Biochemical Characterization of a Novel Thermostable Ulvan Lyase from CW2-9.

Ulvan is a complex sulfated polysaccharide extracted from , and ulvan lyases can degrade ulvan through a β-elimination mechanism to obtain oligosaccharides. In this study, a new ulvan lyase, EPL15085, which belongs to the polysaccharide lyase (PL) 28 family from CW2-9, was characterized in detail. The optimal pH and salinity are 9.

Revealing the Role of the Ionomer at the Triple-Phase Boundary in a Proton-Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer.

In the anodic catalyst layer of a proton-exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolyzer, the triple-phase boundary (TPB) is mainly distributed on the surface of ultrafine iridium-based catalysts encapsulated by the ionomer within the catalyst-ionomer agglomerate. It is found that the ionomer at the TPB acts as a barrier to mass transport and a buffer for the bubble coverage during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The barrier effect can decrease the OER performance of the catalysts inside the agglomerate by ≤23%, while the buffer effect can separate the bubble evolution sites from the OER sites, turning the instant deactivation caused by the bubble coverage into a gradual performance loss caused by local water starvation.

Analysis of the Relationship between Recent Small Subcortical Infarcts and Autonomic Nervous Dysfunction.

Objective: Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) dysfunction may be involved in the pathogenesis of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease (CSVD). The study aimed to explore the relationship between Recent Small Subcortical Infarct (RSSI) and Blood Pressure Variability (BPV), and Heart Rate Variability (HRV).

Methods: A total of 588 patients from the CSVD registration research database of Henan Province were included in this study, and were divided into two groups according to the presence of RSSI.

Nanomedicines Promote Cartilage Regeneration in Osteoarthritis by Synergistically Enhancing Chondrogenesis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Regulating Inflammatory Environment.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by progressive erosion of the articular cartilage and inflammation. Mesenchymal stem cells' (MSCs) transplantation in OA treatment is emerging, but its clinical application is still limited by the low efficiency in oriented differentiation. In our study, to improve the therapeutic efficiencies of MSCs in OA treatment by carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9) siRNA (siCA9)-based inflammation regulation and Kartogenin (KGN)-based chondrogenic differentiation, the combination strategy of MSCs and the nanomedicine codelivering KGN and siCA9 (AHK-CaP/siCA9 NPs) was used.

Lipid core-shell nanoparticles co-deliver FOLFOX regimen and siPD-L1 for synergistic targeted cancer treatment.

FOLFOX regimen, composed of folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin (OXP), has been used as clinical standard therapeutic regimen in treatments of colorectal cancer (CRC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). To further improve its therapeutic outcomes, FOLFOX was combined with anti-PD-1 antibody to form an advanced chemo-immune combination strategy, which has been proven more efficient in controlling cancer progression and prolonging patients' survival in various clinical trials. However, bad tumor accumulation, relative high toxicity, numerous treatment cycles with high fees and low compliance as well as drug resistance seriously limit the prognosis of FOLFOX regimen.

A rare case of primary central nervous system histiocytic sarcoma harboring a novel ARHGAP45::BRAF fusion: a case report and literature review.

Introduction: Patients with histiocytic sarcoma occurring in the central nervous system (CNS) are rare and have a very poor prognosis. The increased use of molecular diagnostic approaches in solid tumors has brought more opportunities for the diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system histiocytic sarcoma (CNSHS).

Case Description: A 9-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital with pain in her head and neck, as well as vomiting.

Frontiers and advances in N-heterocycle compounds as corrosion inhibitors in acid medium: Recent advances.

The acid solution is widely used in chemical cleaning, oil well acidifying, and other fields, which also brings the problem of metal corrosion that cannot be underestimated. However, adding an inhibitor is one of the most convenient and effective ways to slow down metal corrosion. N-heterocyclic compounds with high stability and durability, in line with the strategy of sustainable development, have been widely studied in an acidic environment.

Correlation between neutrophil gelatinase phase lipocalin and cerebral small vessel disease.

Background: Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is common in the elderly population. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is closely related to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. NGAL causes pathological changes, such as damage to the vascular endothelium, by causing inflammation, which results in other related diseases.

The Positional Relationship between Lacunae and White Matter Hyperintensity in Patients with Cerebral Small Vessel Disease.

Background: Lacunae and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) are two crucial imaging biomarkers of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). Multiple studies have revealed a close relationship between WMH and lacunae and found that a double penumbra existed at the edge of WMH that affects lacunae formation. The study aimed to explore the spatial distribution characteristics and possible influencing factors of lacuna in relation to white matter hyperintensity in patients with CSVD.

Tumor microenvironment-mediated NIR-I-to-NIR-II transformation of Au self-assembly for theranostics.

The misdiagnosis of tumors due to insufficient penetration depth or signal interference and damage to normal tissues due to indiscriminate treatment are the biggest challenges in using photothermal agents for clinical translation. To overcome these limitations, a strategy of switching from the near-infrared (NIR)-I region to the NIR-II region was developed based on tumor microenvironment (TME)-mediated gold (Au) self-assembly. Using zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) metal-organic framework-coated gold nanorods (AuNRs@ZIF-8) as a model photothermal agent, we demonstrated that only a NIR-I photoacoustic imaging signal was observed in normal tissue because ZIF-8 could prevent the aggregation of AuNRs.

Satellite record reveals 1960s acceleration of Totten Ice Shelf in East Antarctica.

Wilkes Land and Totten Glacier (TG) in East Antarctica (EA) have been losing ice mass significantly since 1989. There is a lack of knowledge of long-term mass balance in the region which hinders the estimation of its contribution to global sea level rise. Here we show that this acceleration trend in TG has occurred since the 1960s.