Cross-dataset Evaluation of Dementia Longitudinal Progression Prediction Models.

Accurate Alzheimer's Disease (AD) progression prediction is essential for early intervention. The TADPOLE challenge, involving 92 algorithms, used multimodal biomarkers to predict future clinical diagnosis, cognition, and ventricular volume. The winning algorithm, FROG, utilized a Longitudinal-to-Cross-sectional (L2C) transformation to convert variable longitudinal histories into fixed-length feature vectors, which contrasted with most existing approaches that fitted models to entire longitudinal histories, e.

SPIRRIG is required for BRICK1 stability and salt stress induced root hair developmental plasticity in Arabidopsis.

Developmental plasticity is critical for plants to adapt to constantly changing environments. Plant root hairs display dramatic plasticity under different environments and therefore play crucial roles in defense against environmental stressors. Here, we report the isolation of an Arabidopsis mutant, salinity over-sensitive mutant 1-1 (som1-1), also exhibiting root hair developmental defects.

DeepResBat: Deep residual batch harmonization accounting for covariate distribution differences.

Pooling MRI data from multiple datasets requires harmonization to reduce undesired inter-site variabilities, while preserving effects of biological variables (or covariates). The popular harmonization approach ComBat uses a mixed effect regression framework that explicitly accounts for covariate distribution differences across datasets. There is also significant interest in developing harmonization approaches based on deep neural networks (DNNs), such as conditional variational autoencoder (cVAE).

Genome-Wide Characterization and Analysis of the Gene Family in .

SQUAMOSA promoter-binding protein-like () gene family, a group of plant-specific transcription factors, played crucial roles in regulating plant growth, development, signal transduction, and stress response. This study focuses on the gene family in the fast-growing , employing bioinformatics approaches to identify and analyze the gene physiochemical characteristics, conserved domains, structural composition, chromosomal distribution, phylogenetic relationships, cis-acting elements, and their expression patterns in various tissues and stress treatments. Twenty-three genes were identified in , which uneven distributed across seven chromosomes and classified into five groups.

A Novel Multi-Effect Photosensitizer for Tumor Destruction via Multimodal Imaging Guided Synergistic Cancer Phototherapy.

Background: How to ingeniously design multi-effect photosensitizers (PSs), including multimodal imaging and multi-channel therapy, is of great significance for highly spatiotemporal controllable precise phototherapy of malignant tumors.

Methods: Herein, a novel multifunctional zinc(II) phthalocyanine-based planar micromolecule amphiphile () was successfully designed and synthesized, in which N atom with photoinduced electron transfer effect was introduced to enhance the near-infrared absorbance and nonradiative heat generation. After simple self-assembling into nanoparticles (NPs), would exhibit enhanced multimodal imaging properties including fluorescence (FL) imaging (FLI) /photoacoustic (PA) imaging (PAI) /infrared (IR) thermal imaging, which was further used to guide the combined photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT).

In vivo whole-cortex marker of excitation-inhibition ratio indexes cortical maturation and cognitive ability in youth.

A balanced excitation-inhibition ratio (E/I ratio) is critical for healthy brain function. Normative development of cortex-wide E/I ratio remains unknown. Here, we noninvasively estimate a putative marker of whole-cortex E/I ratio by fitting a large-scale biophysically plausible circuit model to resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) data.

MTP family analysis and association study reveal the role of ZmMTP11 in lead (Pb) accumulation.

The metal tolerance protein (MTP) gene family plays an essential role in the transport of heavy metals, however the function of the MTP family in transporting lead (Pb) was still unclear in plants. In this study, we identified and characterized 12 ZmMTPs in the whole genome of maize. These ZmMTP genes were divided into three subfamilies in evolution, namely Zn-CDF, Zn/Fe-CDF, Mn-CDF subfamilies, which showed diverse expression patterns in different tissues of maize.

Protective role of parenthood on age-related brain function in mid- to late-life.

The experience of parenthood can profoundly alter one's body, mind, and environment, yet we know little about the long-term associations between parenthood and brain function and aging in adulthood. Here, we investigate the link between number of children parented (parity) and age on brain function in 19,964 females and 17,607 males from the UK Biobank. In both females and males, increased parity was positively associated with functional connectivity, particularly within the somato/motor network.

ATF3 is a neuron-specific biomarker for spinal cord injury and ischaemic stroke.

Background: Although many molecules have been investigated as biomarkers for spinal cord injury (SCI) or ischemic stroke, none of them are specifically induced in central nervous system (CNS) neurons following injuries with low baseline expression. However, neuronal injury constitutes a major pathology associated with SCI or stroke and strongly correlates with neurological outcomes. Biomarkers characterized by low baseline expression and specific induction in neurons post-injury are likely to better correlate with injury severity and recovery, demonstrating higher sensitivity and specificity for CNS injuries compared to non-neuronal markers or pan-neuronal markers with constitutive expressions.

In-vivo whole-cortex marker of excitation-inhibition ratio indexes cortical maturation and cognitive ability in youth.

A balanced excitation-inhibition ratio (E/I ratio) is critical for healthy brain function. Normative development of cortex-wide E/I ratio remains unknown. Here we non-invasively estimate a putative marker of whole-cortex E/I ratio by fitting a large-scale biophysically-plausible circuit model to resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) data.

PCSK5 downregulation promotes the inhibitory effect of andrographolide on glioblastoma through regulating STAT3.

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 5 (PCSK5) is a member of the proprotein convertase (PC) family, which processes immature proteins into functional proteins and plays an important role in the process of cell migration and transformation. Andrographolide is a non-peptide compound with PC inhibition and antitumor activity. Our research aimed to investigate the functional role of PCSK5 downregulation combined with Andro on GBM progression.

TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA2 defines trichome cell shape by modulating actin cytoskeleton in Arabidopsis thaliana.

The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA2 (TTG2) gene encodes a WRKY transcription factor that regulates a range of development events like trichome, seed coat, and atrichoblast formation. Loss-of-function of TTG2 was previously shown to reduce or eliminate trichome specification and branching. Here, we report the identification of an allele of TTG2, ttg2-6.

DeepResBat: deep residual batch harmonization accounting for covariate distribution differences.

Pooling MRI data from multiple datasets requires harmonization to reduce undesired inter-site variabilities, while preserving effects of biological variables (or covariates). The popular harmonization approach ComBat uses a mixed effect regression framework that explicitly accounts for covariate distribution differences across datasets. There is also significant interest in developing harmonization approaches based on deep neural networks (DNNs), such as conditional variational autoencoder (cVAE).

Translating phenotypic prediction models from big to small anatomical MRI data using meta-matching.

Individualized phenotypic prediction based on structural MRI is an important goal in neuroscience. Prediction performance increases with larger samples, but small-scale datasets with fewer than 200 participants are often unavoidable. We have previously proposed a "meta-matching" framework to translate models trained from large datasets to improve the prediction of new unseen phenotypes in small collection efforts.

Multilayer meta-matching: translating phenotypic prediction models from multiple datasets to small data.

Resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) is widely used to predict phenotypic traits in individuals. Large sample sizes can significantly improve prediction accuracies. However, for studies of certain clinical populations or focused neuroscience inquiries, small-scale datasets often remain a necessity.

GLABROUS INFLORESCENCE STEMS3 binds to and activates RHD2 and RHD4 genes to promote root hair elongation in Arabidopsis.

Root hairs are crucial in the uptake of essential nutrients and water in plants. This study showed that a zinc finger protein, GIS3 is involved in root hair growth in Arabidopsis. The loss-of-function gis3 and GIS3 RNAi transgenic line exhibited a significant reduction in root hairs compared to the wild type.

AXR1 modulates trichome morphogenesis through mediating ROP2 stability in Arabidopsis.

Cell differentiation and morphogenesis are crucial for the establishment of diverse cell types and organs in multicellular organisms. Trichome cells offer an excellent paradigm for dissecting the regulatory mechanisms of plant cell differentiation and morphogenesis due to their unique growth characteristics. Here, we report the isolation of an Arabidopsis mutant, aberrantly branched trichome 3-1 (abt3-1), with a reduced trichome branching phenotype.

Downregulation of MAL2 inhibits breast cancer progression through regulating β-catenin/c-Myc axis.

Purpose: Myelin and lymphocyte protein 2 (MAL2) is mainly involved in endocytosis under physiological conditions and mediates the transport of materials across the membranes of cell and organelle. It has been reported that MAL2 is significantly upregulated in diverse cancers. This study aimed to investigate the role of MAL2 in breast cancer (BC).

Biomechanical evaluation of a novel minimally invasive pedicle bone cement screw applied to the treatment of Kümmel's disease in porcine vertebrae.

Treatment of Kümmel's Disease (KD) with pure percutaneous kyphoplasty carries a greater likelihood of bone cement displacement due to hardened bone and defect of the peripheral cortex. In this study, we designed a novel minimally invasive pedicle bone cement screw and evaluate the effectiveness and safety of this modified surgical instruments in porcine vertebrae. 18 mature porcine spine specimens were obtained and soaked in 10% formaldehyde solution for 24 h.

Homotopic local-global parcellation of the human cerebral cortex from resting-state functional connectivity.

Resting-state fMRI is commonly used to derive brain parcellations, which are widely used for dimensionality reduction and interpreting human neuroscience studies. We previously developed a model that integrates local and global approaches for estimating areal-level cortical parcellations. The resulting local-global parcellations are often referred to as the Schaefer parcellations.

Secotrijugins A-D, four highly oxidized and rearranged limonoids from Trichilia sinensis and their anti-inflammatory activity.

Four undescribed highly oxidized and rearranged limonoids, secotrijugins A-D, were purified from the leaves and twigs of Trichilia sinensis. Within them, secotrijugin A was characterized as a rare 30-nortrijugin-type limonoid with an unusual cleavage of 1,14-ether bond, secotrijugins B and C represented new examples with the cleavage of δ-lactone ring D, and secotrijugin D was a rare trijugin-type limonoid with an unusual 2,6-oxygen bridge. The structures of limonoids were characterized by means of spectroscopic analysis and ECD calculations.