Synthesis and agricultural antimicrobial evaluation of new quinazoline derivatives containing both a piperazine linker and the N-acetyl moiety.

Background: To discover more efficient agricultural antimicrobial agents, a series of new quinazoline derivatives containing both a piperazine linker and the N-acetyl moiety were prepared and assessed for their antibacterial and antifungal activities.

Results: All the target compounds were characterized by H and C NMR as well as high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), and the chemical structure of the most potent compound E19 incorporating a 4-trifluoromethoxy substituent was clearly confirmed via single crystal X-ray diffraction measurements. The bioassay results indicated that some compounds possessed notable inhibitory effects in vitro against the bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae pv.

The brother's penalty: Boy preference and girls' health in rural China.

This paper identifies the health penalty experienced by girls due to having a brother from endogenous sibling gender composition. We propose a girls-to-girls comparison strategy and rule out the confounding effect from the sibship size, birth interval, and birth order. Employing an instrumental variable approach and data from the Chinese Family Panel Studies, we find that girls with a brother are demonstrably shorter and report poorer health.

Synthesis, X-ray Crystal Structure, and Antimicrobial Studies of New Quinazolin-4(3)-one Derivatives Containing the 1,2,4-Triazolo[3,4-][1,3,4]thiadiazole Moiety and 4-Piperidinyl Linker.

A total of 35 new quinazolinone derivatives bearing the 1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-][1,3,4]thiadiazole scaffold and the 4-piperidinyl linker were designed, prepared, and assessed for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. Among these derivatives, the chemical structure of compound was clearly verified via single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The experimental results revealed that some of the compounds displayed good even excellent inhibitory effects toward the tested phytopathogenic bacteria.

Design, synthesis, and antimicrobial evaluation of 2-aminothiazole derivatives bearing the 4-aminoquinazoline moiety against plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi.

Background: To find more effective agricultural antibiotics, a class of new 2-aminothiazole derivatives containing the 4-aminoquinazoline moiety were synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial properties against phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi of agricultural importance.

Results: All the target compounds were fully characterized by H NMR, C NMR, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The bioassay results showed that compound F29 with a 2-pyridinyl substituent exhibited an outstanding antibacterial effect against Xanthomonas oryzae pv.

Design, synthesis, crystal structure, and antimicrobial activities of new quinazoline derivatives containing both the sulfonate ester and piperidinylamide moieties.

Background: To discover more efficient antimicrobial agents in agriculture, a series of new quinazoline derivatives bearing both sulfonate ester and piperidine-4-carboxamide moieties were synthesized and assessed for their antimicrobial effects.

Results: All of the target compounds were fully characterized by proton ( H) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), carbon-13 ( C) NMR, and high-resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS), and compound III-6 containing a 3-bromophenyl substituent was clearly confirmed via single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The bioassay results indicated that some compounds displayed noticeable inhibitory effects in vitro against Xanthomonas oryzae pv.

Discovery of Novel Quinazoline-2-Aminothiazole Hybrids Containing a 4-Piperidinylamide Linker as Potential Fungicides against the Phytopathogenic Fungus .

A total of 29 novel quinazoline-2-aminothiazole hybrids containing a 4-piperidinylamide linker were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their anti-microbial properties against phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria of agricultural importance. The anti-fungal assays indicated that some of the target compounds exhibited excellent inhibitory effects in vitro against . For example, 11 compounds within this series (including , , , , , , , , , , and ) were found to possess EC values (effective concentration for 50% activity) ranging from 0.

Design, synthesis, crystal structure, and in vitro antibacterial activities of sulfonamide derivatives bearing the 4-aminoquinazoline moiety.

A total of 66 sulfonamide derivatives bearing the 4-aminoquinazoline moiety were designed and synthesized, and their structures were fully characterized by H NMR, C NMR, and HRMS techniques. Among them, the structures of compounds 5A10 and 5B11 were further confirmed through X-ray single-crystal diffraction analyses. The bioassay results indicated that some of the target compounds displayed higher inhibition activities in vitro against the tested phytopathogenic bacteria.

Study on the host-guest complex of dicyclohexanocucurbit[6]uril and 2-phenylbenzimidazole, and its recognition effect toward Fe.

This paper has selected dicyclohexanocucurbit[6]uril (CyHQ[6]) as the host and 2-phenylbenzimidazole () as the guest to investigate the host-guest interaction mode between CyHQ[6] and . Under acidic conditions, the complex was characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance, ultraviolet and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results show that the molecular ratio of CyHQ[6] to is 2 : 1.

The effects of subway openings on air quality: evidence from China.

This paper examines a causal relationship between the opening of a city's subway system and its air quality by exploiting daily data on prefecture-level cities in China from 2000 to 2012. Using multi-period difference in differences (DID) method, we find that air quality can be significantly improved following a subway system opening. Robustness tests support the fundamental empirical results.

Corruption costs lives: evidence from a cross-country study.

This paper investigates the effect of corruption on health outcomes by using cross-country panel data covering about 150 countries for the period of 1995 to 2012. We employ ordinary least squares (OLS), fixed-effects and two-stage least squares (2SLS) estimation methods, and find that corruption significantly increases mortality rates, and reduces life expectancy and immunization rates. The results are consistent across different regions, gender, and measures of corruption.

Synthetic and Immunological Studies of Mycobacterial Lipoarabinomannan Oligosaccharides and Their Protein Conjugates.

Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is one of the major constituents of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall and an attractive molecular scaffold for antituberculosis drug and vaccine development. In this paper, a convergent strategy was developed for the synthesis of LAM oligosaccharides with an α-1,2-linked dimannopyranose cap at the nonreducing end. The strategy was highlighted by efficient coupling of separately prepared nonreducing end and reducing end oligosaccharides.

Intergenerational health consequences of the 1959-1961 Great Famine on children in rural China.

Using a difference-in-difference method and data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), this paper attempts to quantify the intergenerational health effects on children in rural China of the 1959-1961 Great Famine. By differentiating mother, father, both parents, and none of parents exposed to famine, the analysis puts mother's and father's famine exposure in one unifying framework. Therefore, the methodology achieves identification without concern for multicollinearity and omitted variable bias found in the previous literature.

Efficient one-pot synthesis of tigogenin saponins and their antitumor activities.

An efficient synthesis of naturally occurring tigogenin triglycoside 1a and its three derivatives 1b-d bearing different carbohydrate moieties, as well as their antitumor activities, is described. Partially protected thiogalactosides bearing unprotected 2,4-OH or 4-OH groups were used to facilitate regioselective reactions for one-pot sequential multi-step glycosylation, which has significantly simplified the target molecule synthesis. The synthetic saponins 1a-d exhibited much higher anti-tumor activities than the positive control cisplatin against the human epithelial cervical cancer cell (HeLa) as evaluated by CCK-8 assay.

[Comparison of vitrification cryopreservation among different stages of mouse embryos].

The cryopreservation of different embryo stages collected from ICR, C57BL/6 and F1 of DBA*C57BL/6 was carried out by using vitrification method. The morphology, in vitro development and birth rates of these embryos were compared after frozen-thawed. The results showed that more than 75% of the morphology from 2-cell embryos to morula stages from different strains was normal, the normal morphology rates of 8-cell embryos being the highest, while those of blastulas being the lowest.